Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are very important. Sensitive and convenient serological biomarkers play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. However, traditional biomarkers such as alpha-fetoprotein fall far short of the clinical needs. Liver is an important organ of metabolism in the body. The occurrence and development of HCC are closely related to metabolism. Metabolomics is a newly developed subject. It has certain advantages in the screening diagnosis, mechanism exploration, precise treatment, prognosis judgment and efficacy evaluation of HCC. As an important part of systems biology, metabolomics technology can screen differentially expressed metabolites in the tissues, blood and urine of HCC patients. On the one hand, these metabolites can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of HCC. On the other hand, these metabolites can also clarify the metabolic mechanism in the development and progression of HCC, which can be used to develop new drugs and new targets for the treatment of HCC. This article reviews the research progress of metabolomics in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the screening of HCC biological diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.

肝细胞癌（HCC）是较常见的恶性肿瘤之一，具有高发病率、高死亡率的特点，因此早发现、早诊断、早治疗非常重要。灵敏、便捷的血清学生物标志物可在HCC诊疗中起关键性作用，而甲胎蛋白（AFP）等传统生物标志物已远不能满足临床需求。肝脏是机体重要的代谢器官，HCC的发生和发展与代谢密不可分。代谢组学是新近发展起来的一门学科，在HCC的筛查诊断、机制探索、精准治疗、预后判断、疗效评估中具有一定优势。作为系统生物学的重要组成部分，代谢组学技术可在HCC患者的组织、血液和尿液中筛查出差异表达的代谢产物。这些代谢产物不仅能作为生物标志物用于HCC的早期诊断和预后评估，还可阐明HCC发生和进展过程中的代谢机制，用于研发治疗HCC的新药物及新靶点。本文将对代谢组学在HCC诊疗中的研究进展进行综述，以期为HCC生物学诊断标志物及潜在治疗靶点的筛选提供理论依据。