Abstract: Background　As China embarks on a new journey towards common prosperity，it is crucial to address the issue of preventing rural residents from falling back into poverty due to illness. This is a significant step towards achieving common prosperity. Objective　This study aims to understand the distribution of health poverty vulnerability among rural out-migrant workers in Ningxia and identify the influencing factors，with the goal of providing policy recommendations for Ningxia to consolidate its poverty alleviation achievements and prevent poverty from returning due to illness. Methods　Using field survey data collected by the research team in Haiyuan County，Yanchi County，Xiji County，and Pengyang County in Ningxia from June to July 2022，the study employed the three-stage feasible generalized least squares（FGLS）method to measure health poverty vulnerability. Logit regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors. The study also used the marginal effect and Shapley value decomposition method to quantify the contribution of each factor. Results　The proportion of health poverty vulnerable rural out-migrant workers in Ningxia is 4.5%. The logit model regression analysis results show that housing and kitchen separation，using electricity as living fuel，and participating in a health check in the past year can reduce the risk of health poverty vulnerability. Married status，borrowing money due to illness，and having a low level of education will increase the risk of health poverty vulnerability. The Shapley value decomposition results show that demographic characteristics contribute the most （55.93%），followed by family characteristics（16.46%）and health risk characteristics（15.34%）. Conclusion　The health poverty vulnerability among rural migrant workers in Ningxia is within a controllable range compared with the overall level in the western region. Having separate housing and kitchen areas，using electricity as a domestic fuel，participating in health check-ups within the past year，being in a married status，and borrowing money due to illness are key factors affecting the health poverty vulnerability of migrant workers from Ningxia. It is recommended that relevant departments establish an early warning system for the risk of returning to poverty due to illness，proactively adjust policies，and promote the effective implementation of health poverty prevention efforts.

Key words: Poverty, Health poverty vulnerability, Logit model, Influencing factor, Migrant worker, Ningxia

摘要： 背景　我国走上共同富裕的新征程，如何防止农村地区“因病返贫”，推动共同富裕迈出实质性的一步是当下需要关注的问题。目的　了解宁夏农村外出务工人群健康贫困脆弱分布及其影响因素，为宁夏地区巩固脱贫攻坚成果，防止因病返贫提供借鉴。方法　研究数据来源于国家自然科学基金项目在2022年6—7月开展的现场问卷调查，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法在宁夏海原县、盐池县、西吉县、彭阳县选取其中年龄15周岁以上的外出务工人群，剔除重要指标（如家庭收入等）缺失者后，共纳入2 040名研究对象。调查采用问卷法，调查员通过“面对面”的形式开展入户调查，调查内容包括一般人口学特征、家庭特征、健康风险特征、医疗服务可及性、健康经济负担。运用三阶段可行广义最小二乘法（FGLS）衡量健康贫困脆弱性，根据Logit回归分析其影响因素，利用边际效应和Shapley值分解法量化影响因素的贡献程度。结果　根据健康贫困脆弱性指数计算结果，将健康贫困脆弱指数>0.5定义为健康贫困脆弱，研究对象分为健康贫困脆弱组91名，非健康贫困脆弱性组1 949名。Logit回归分析结果显示，住房与厨房分离、生活燃料为电、近一年参加健康体检会降低健康贫困脆弱的发生风险（P<0.05），在婚状态、因病借贷会增加健康贫困脆弱的发生风险（P<0.05）。Shapley 值分解结果表明人口学特征贡献最大（55.93%），其次为家庭特征（16.46%）和健康风险特征（15.34%）。结论　宁夏农村外出务工人群健康贫困脆弱性与西部整体水平相比处于可控范围内，住房与厨房分离、生活燃料为电、近一年参与健康体检、在婚状态、因病借贷是影响宁夏外出务工人群健康贫困脆弱性的关键因素，建议有关部门制定因病返贫风险预警体系，前瞻性调整政策，促进健康防贫工作的有效进行。

关键词: 贫困, 健康贫困脆弱性, Logit 模型, 影响因素, 外出务工人群, 宁夏