Application of Qualitative Research Methods in General Practice Research in China

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.419

Abstract

Abstract: Background　Qualitative research methods have been widely used in medical research，and mastering their use is helpful for general practitioners（GPs） to carry out medical research. Objective　To review qualitative research methods used in general practice research in China，and analyze the problems and put forward improvement suggestions，to help GPs to better use such methods. Methods　From July 2019 to February 2020，we searched studies in Chinese included in CNKI，WANFANG DATA and VIP databases during 2009 to 2019 using "定性研究" "质性研究" "质的研究" "访谈" "全科医学" "全科医生" "家庭医生" "基层及社区" as subject words and keywords. Excel was used to store the extracted data，and information such as publication time，journal title，title of studies and research methods was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Results　100 studies in general practice using qualitative research methods were included，covering 5（5.0%） masters' dissertations and 95（95.0%） journal articles，most of which〔52.0%（52/100）〕 were about general practice education and training，with interview as the most frequently used method for collecting qualitative data〔53.0%（53/100）〕，and 56.0%（56/100） had no clear sampling method. 2014 saw the largest percentage of publications〔18.0%（18/100）〕. The journal articles were published in 38 journals，with the largest proportion of 29.2%（28/95） in Chinese Journal of General Practice. Relevant problems in the studies were summarized as follows: There was no a unified Chinese translation for qualitative research method. There was no "定性研究" in the title or the list of key words of the studies. Only a few studies aimed to solve clinical problems. The application process of qualitative methodology needed to be more scientifically valid. Conclusion　In China，qualitative methodology is increasingly used in general practice research，mostly in studies regarding general practice education and training. Interview is the most commonly used method. However，there are also some problems during the application. The application needs to be more standardized.

Key words: General practice, Qualitative research, Research methods

摘要： 背景　定性研究方法已广泛应用于医学研究中，掌握该研究方法有助于全科医生更好地开展医学研究。目的　本文对定性研究方法在中国全科医学中的应用进行归纳总结，并剖析其中存在的问题，提出改进建议，帮助全科医生更好地使用该方法进行研究。方法　于2019年7月—2020年2月，以中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库等中文数据库为数据来源，以“定性研究”“质性研究”“质的研究”“访谈”“全科医学”“全科医生”“家庭医生”“基层及社区”为主题词和关键词检索相关中文文献，检索时间为2009—2019年。采用Excel录入数据，对纳入文献的发文时间、期刊、题名、研究方法等信息进行描述性统计分析。结果　最终纳入100篇全科领域定性研究文献，2014年发文量最多，为18篇（18.0%）；硕士学位论文5篇（5.0%），期刊论文95篇（95.0%），95篇期刊论文分布于38种期刊，发文量最多的期刊为《中国全科医学》，为28篇（29.2%）；研究内容多有关教育培训，占52.0%（52/100）；研究方法采用最多的是访谈法，占53.0%（53/100）；56.0%（56/100）的研究未阐明抽样方法。定性研究在我国全科医学中的应用主要存在以下问题：对于该方法的英文单词没有统一的中文翻译；文章题目或者关键词中缺少“定性研究”等字眼；以发现临床问题为目的的定性研究较少；实践方法不够科学。结论　定性研究方法在我国全科医学领域中的应用日益广泛，该方法多用于教育培训方面的研究，其中使用最多的方法为访谈法。定性研究方法在全科医学中的应用存在若干问题，使用方法有待规范。

关键词: 全科医学, 质性研究, 研究方法

PAN Zihan,PANG Hui,CHI Chunhua, et al. Application of Qualitative Research Methods in General Practice Research in China　[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2021, 24(10): 1277-1283. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.419.
潘子涵,逄慧,迟春花等. 定性研究方法在我国全科医学研究中的应用[J]. 中国全科医学, 2021, 24(10): 1277-1283. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2020.00.419.

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