Abstract:
Background　The improvement of the quality of life of the rural residents is an important reflection of the success of the construction of the New Countryside.It is of great significance to improve the quality of life and to implement the old-age problems of rural residents in order to maintain the sustainable and healthy development and social stability in rural areas.Objective　To explore the effect of quality of life （QOL） on old-age care anxiety in rural residents and to elucidate the moderating effect of the parent-child relationship on QOL and old-age care anxiety.Methods　Between August and October，2016，we used a stratified sampling method to randomly select rural residents from 30 villages in five counties （cities） of Heilongjiang Province.The SF-36 scale was used to investigate the QOL of the rural residents，and the old-age care anxiety and parent-child relationship was assessed on the basis of the following questions：“Are you worried about your future old-age care?”“Are you satisfied with your relationship with your offspring?”.Results　A total of 1 100 questionnaires were distributed，and 941 valid questionnaires were collected （effective response rate：85.54%）．The correlation analysis results showed a negative correlation between QOL and old-age care anxiety （r=-0.315，P<0.01），a positive correlation between QOL and the parent-child relationship （r=0.362，P<0.01），and a negative correlation between old-age care anxiety and the parent-child relationship （r=-0.100，P<0.01）．The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the QOL of rural residents had a negative predictive effect on old-age care anxiety （β=-0.297，P=0.001），and the parent-child relationship played a moderating role between the QOL of rural residents and old-age care anxiety（β=-0.372，P<0.05）．Conclusion　High QOL renders rural residents with fewer worries about their future old-age care.Moreover，the better the parent-child relationship，the lower the implications of QOL on old-age care anxiety.High QOL and a harmonious family environment can provide rural residents with material and spiritual security for their old-age care.

Key words: Rural resident, Quality of life, Old-age care anxiety, Parent-child relationships, Moderating effect

摘要： 背景　农村居民生活质量的提升是新农村建设取得成效的重要体现。从根本上改善农村居民生存质量以及落实养老问题，对于维系农村地区持续健康发展和社会稳定具有重要的现实意义。目的　探讨农村居民生存质量对晚年养老忧虑的影响，并阐释子女关系在生存质量与晚年养老忧虑二者之间的调节作用。方法　于2016年8—10月，采用分层抽样的方法，根据黑龙江省地域分布抽取5个县（市），随机抽取5个县（市）的30个村落的农村居民作为调查对象。采用健康状况调查简表（SF-36）调查农村居民的生存质量，“您是否担心今后的养老问题？”条目测量晚年养老忧虑情况，“您对您与子女关系满意吗？”条目测量子女关系情况。结果　共发放问卷1 100份，回收有效问卷941份，有效回收率为85.54%。相关性分析结果显示，生存质量与晚年养老忧虑呈负相关（r=-0.315，P<0.01），与子女关系呈正相关（r=0.362，P<0.01）；晚年养老忧虑与子女关系呈负相关（r=-0.100，P<0.01）。多元线性回归分析结果显示，农村居民生存质量对晚年养老忧虑呈负向预测作用（β=-0.297，P=0.001），子女关系在农村居民生存质量和晚年养老忧虑二者之间扮演调节作用（β=-0.372，P<0.05）。结论　高生存质量的农村居民不会过度担忧自己未来的养老问题，而且，子女关系越好，生存质量对晚年养老忧虑的影响越小。高生存质量与和谐的家庭环境为农村居民晚年养老提供物质和精神保障。

关键词: 农村居民, 生存质量, 养老忧虑, 子女关系, 调节效应