Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global public health issue, with an increasing prevalence among the Yi ethnic group due to their unique lifestyle and genetic background. The uric acid (UA) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (UHR) is closely related to various metabolic diseases and requires further investigation.
This study aims to explore the association between UHR and MetS in the Yi ethnic group of Yunnan Province, and to assess the predictive value of UHR for the risk of MetS.
From May to November 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 1 100 Yi ethnic residents from 17 villages across 6 sample streets/towns in Anning City, Yunnan Province. After excluding 49 ineligible cases, a total of 1 051 subjects were ultimately included in the study. General demographic data and physical examination indicators were collected from all participants. The UHR was calculated, and Pearson correlation analysis along with Binary Logistic regression analysis were performed to examine the association between UHR and MetS. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictive value of UHR for the risk of MetS.
Among the 1 051 participants, there were 335 (31.87%) males and 716 (68.13%) females, with a mean age of (70±7) years. The study identified 235 (22.36%) cases of MetS and 816 (77.64%) non-MetS cases. Significant differences were observed between MetS and non-MetS groups in age, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), UA, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and UHR levels (P<0.05). The UHR was significantly higher in the MetS group (P<0.05). Participants were stratified into quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on UHR levels (7.94%, 10.57%, and 14.75% as cut-off points). Cochran-Armitage trend test revealed a significant dose-dependent increase in the prevalence of MetS and its components with ascending UHR quartiles (P<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated positive associations of UHR with age, height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), SBP, DBP, creatinine (Cr), urea, TG, FBG, ALT, and UA (P<0.05), while negative correlations were observed with TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, AST, and direct bilirubin (DBIL) (P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MetS in the Q4 group was 27.31 times that of the Q1 group (95%CI=11.39-65.47, P<0.01). After adjusting for confounding variables, each 1-unit increase in UHR was associated with a 29% elevated risk of MetS (OR=1.29, 95%CI=1.22-1.35, P<0.01). ROC curve analysis confirmed a strong predictive value of UHRfor MetS (AUC=0.805).
High UHR is a risk factor for MetS in Yi ethnic group and has a good predictive value for the risk of MetS.
This review summarizes the effects of intermittent fasting on cardiometabolic diseases in humans and examines various fasting regimens-including alternate-day fasting, the 5∶2 diet, time-restricted eating, and the 16∶8 diet. These approaches may confer benefits for cardiometabolic health by reducing blood pressure, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Although large-scale randomized controlled trials investigating the relationship between intermittent fasting and cardiovascular outcomes are lacking, and some studies suggest a potential increase in cardiovascular risk, the majority of existing clinical evidence indicates that this dietary pattern may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving weight control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Intermittent fasting is thought to exert its effects through multiple mechanisms, including reduced oxidative stress, optimized circadian rhythms, and ketogenesis. It is generally safe and is not associated with disruptions in energy levels or increased disordered eating behaviors, while also offering additional health benefits. In conclusion, intermittent fasting represents a relatively safe dietary intervention whose potential cardiovascular implications warrant further investigation.
Hyperlipidemia can be complicated by various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, posing an increasingly serious threat to human health. Clinically, blood lipid levels are often defined based on fasting blood levels in the early morning. However, in the real world, the human body is not in a fasting state for most of the time, and simply detecting fasting blood lipid levels is difficult to reflect the full picture of lipid metabolism in the body. In recent years, multiple studies at home and abroad have focused on postprandial hyperlipidemia, exploring various aspects such as its diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the latest research on the evaluation methods, inducing factors, complications, and treatment approaches of postprandial hyperlipidemia, aiming to provide reference and assistance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of postprandial hyperlipidemia.
