Fall is one of the most common and serious problems in the elderly, and fall efficiency is an important influencing factor. There are various exercise ways to improve fall efficiency in the elderly, and the merits and demerits of various exercise intervention effects are still uncertain.
To compare the effects of different exercise modes on fall efficacy in the older people, aiming to provide a reference for patients to choose the best exercise mode.
A literature search was conducted in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and FMRS to identify relevant studies on the effectiveness of exercise in reducing falls among the elderly. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to August 15, 2025. The outcome measures were the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). The Cochrane bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Stata 18 software was used to perform a network meta-analysis, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used to rank the effectiveness of different treatment regimens.
A total of 35 studies were included in this study, involving 2, 627 subjects and 13 types of exercise. In terms of fall efficacy, Otago (MD=8.94, 95%CI=3.51-14.38), Tai Chi (MD=9.24, 95%CI=4.96-13.51), step marching exercise (MD=8.60, 95%CI=2.56-14.64) and pilates (MD=6.86, 95%CI=1.19-12.53) were more effective than the usual care group (P<0.05), with Tai Chi having the highest likelihood of being the most effective intervention (SUCRA=81.2). In terms of balance function, Otago (MD=3.87, 95%CI=2.71-5.02), Tai Chi (MD=3.87, 95%CI=1.71-6.03), and resisted + balance training (MD=3.26, 95%CI=0.53-6.00) were more effective than the usual care group (P<0.05), with Otago having the highest likelihood of being the most effective intervention (SUCRA=68.1). In terms of mobility, Otago (MD=3.90, 95%CI=2.77-5.04), Tai Chi (MD=4.44, 95%CI=3.50-5.39), Baduanjin (MD=2.25, 95%CI=1.47-3.02), Baguazhang (MD=2.35, 95%CI=1.26-3.43), Gait balancing enercises (MD=3.60, 95%CI=2.15-5.05) were more effective than the usual care group (P<0.05), with Tai Chi having the highest likelihood of being the most effective intervention (SUCRA=95.0).
This study indicates that Tai Chi and Otago exercises are effective in improving fall efficacy, balance function, and mobility in older adults. Clinical healthcare professionals should select appropriate exercise methods based on the health status and needs of older adults to enhance fall efficacy, effectively prevent falls, and promote patient health. Meanwhile, further high-quality researches are needed to validate these findings.
In the current digital era, the unprecedented abundance of mobile video content has led to a high prevalence of visual fatigue among individuals who engage in prolonged screen exposure. This issue is particularly prominent among adolescents and university students, who often face heavy academic demands. Existing studies have confirmed that the prevalence of visual fatigue among Chinese university students is 53.3%, and this figure continues to rise. Therefore, there is a need to explore proactive health management approaches to promote recovery and implement preventive strategies.
This study investigates the rehabilitative effects of a new eyesight improving Qigong exercise prescription on visual fatigue symptoms among university students with prolonged screen exposure. It aims to provide empirical evidence supporting the use of traditional Chinese exercise therapy as an innovative approach for alleviating visual fatigue in this population.
From September 2021 to January 2024, a total of 101 university students with visual fatigue were recruited from 3 universities (including 30 students majoring in Optometry from Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 18 students majoring in Sports Medicine from Beijing Sport University, and 53 students from majors including Rehabilitation Therapy from Nanjing Sport Institute). Participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (new edition eyesight improving Qigong exercise prescription) and a control group (outdoor walking). After 30 days, the following parameters were assessed in both groups: refractive diopters of the left and right eyes, uncorrected visual acuity of the left and right eyes, attention level, total score on the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) scale, average heart rate, total sleep duration, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration, light sleep duration, and deep sleep duration.
After treatment, compared with before treatment, the uncorrected visual acuity of both eyes in the experimental group showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05), and the refractive diopter of the right eye in the experimental group showed a statistically significant difference compared with before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the time spent on attention reading tests (6×6 and 7×7 grids) in the experimental group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05); the time spent on the 7×7 grid attention reading test in the experimental group after treatment was lower than before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the total CISS scale score in the experimental group was lower than in the control group (P<0.05), and the total CISS scale score in the experimental group after treatment was lower than before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the total sleep duration and deep sleep duration in the experimental group were higher than in the control group (P<0.05); the total sleep duration and deep sleep duration in the experimental group after treatment were higher than before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, all five items of visual dysfunction symptom scores in the experimental group were lower than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, all three items of periocular discomfort symptom scores in the experimental group were lower than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, both items of psychological and physical discomfort symptom scores in the experimental group were lower than in the control group (P<0.05).
The new version of eyesight improving Qigong exercise prescription effectively alleviates visual fatigue symptoms across three dimensions, visual disturbances, periocular discomfort, and physical and mental discomfort, while significantly improving sleep quality and duration, as well as enhancing attention levels. It also leads to mild improvements in uncorrected visual acuity in both eyes, thereby promoting recovery from visual fatigue in a safe and effective manner.
Children's 24-hour movement behaviors refer to the physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors that children experience during a 24-hour day. Many studies have shown that the combination of the above 3 different movement behaviors and their time allocation have a significant impact on children's physical and mental health. How to effectively and completely measure all of children's movement behaviors over a 24-hour period has positive implications for further epidemiological research investigations of children's time-use and the establishment of health behavioral interventions and guidelines for children. China's research on the 24-hour movement behaviors assessment tools for children is still at an exploratory stage. This paper reviews the specific content, application, advantages and disadvantages of foreign children's 24-hour movement behaviors assessment methods, aiming to draw on foreign experience and combine with China's cultural background and children's growing environment to develop assessment methods suitable for China's children's 24-hour movement behaviors, and to provide scientific and effective assessment tools for understanding China's children's 24-hour movement behaviors.
