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    Epidemiologic Study of Nonbacterial Respiratory Pathogens in Children in Northeast Sichuan Province
    LUO Jing, FU Qiang, LIU Juan, KUANG Jianhua, ZHOU Juan, LUO Yanqing
    Chinese General Practice    2025, 28 (33): 4172-4179.   DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0590
    Abstract388)   HTML0)    PDF(pc) (1869KB)(255)       Save
    Background

    In recent years, data from CDC surveillance and paediatric clinics suggest that the prevalence of respiratory infections in children has changed compared with the past, that regional prevalence statistics are of directional significance for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infections in children, and that large sample analyses of the epidemiology of children's respiratory pathogens in the northeast region of Sichuan Province are still rare.

    Objective

    To ascertain the prevalence of 13 respiratory non-bacterial pathogens in children in three areas of northeastern Sichuan Province (Bazhong, Nanchong and Guang'an) following the outbreak, with a view to providing a basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections in clinical children.

    Methods

    A retrospective analysis of pathogen samples from 15 772 children diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infections and hospitalised in Bazhong Central Hospital, Nanchong Central Hospital and Guang'an People's Hospital between 7 December 2022 and 30 June 2024 was conducted. Of these, 8 707 (55.2%) were male and 7 065 (44.8%) were female. The subjects were divided into four groups according to their age groups: infant group (<1 year old), 3 938 cases; toddler group (1-<3 years old), 6 434 cases; preschool group (3-<6 years old), 3 231 cases; and school-age group (6-14 years old), 2 169 cases. The onset of the disease was categorised according to the season, with 15 772 cases divided as follows: 5 423 cases in the spring (March to May), 2 594 cases in the summer (June to August), 3 121 cases in the autumn (September to November) and 4 634 cases in the winter (December to February). A total of 13 non-bacterial pathogens, including influenza A virus, influenza A virus H1N1, influenza A virus H3N2, influenza B virus, parainfluenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia, parapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, bocavirus and coronavirus, were detected using the multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. The subsequent investigation focused on the detection of pathogens in the total sample, with the positive detection rate of each pathogen being compared among different regions, genders, age groups and seasons.

    Results

    Of the 15 772 respiratory samples, 11 618 (73.66%) were positive for pathogens, while 3 632 (23.03%) were identified as mixed infections. The most prevalent pathogens identified were rhinovirus (24.5%), respiratory syncytial virus (16.4%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (13.8%), influenza A virus (9.4%) and parainfluenza virus (8.9%). The total detection rates of pathogens in samples from the Bazhong, Nanchong and Guang'an regions were 80.9%, 73.7%, and 75.3%, respectively. The difference in the total detection rates of pathogens in samples from the three regions was statistically significant when comparing the rates of pathogens in samples from the three regions (χ2=101.119, P<0.001). The total detection rate of pathogens in samples from boys (72.1%) was lower than that of girls (75.6%) (χ2=24.539, P<0.001). However, among the 13 pathogens, except for coronavirus, the differences in the detection rates were not statistically significant when compared among different genders (P>0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed when the total detection rates of pathogens in samples from the infant, toddler, preschool and school-age groups were compared (χ2=174.613, P<0.001). Among the 13 pathogens, with the exception of coronavirus, statistically significant differences were identified when the detection rates of the remaining pathogens were compared among different age groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, a comparison of the total detection rates of pathogens in samples collected during different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) revealed a statistically significant difference (χ2=364.584, P<0.001). Notably, the winter samples exhibited the highest total detection rate of pathogens (80.0%), while the spring samples exhibited the lowest (72.3%) .

    Conclusion

    The main pathogens of acute respiratory infections in children in the three regions of northeast Sichuan were rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A virus and parainfluenza virus, and the epidemiology varied by region. Among the 13 pathogens, except for coronaviruses, there was no difference in the detection rate among different genders but there were differences between age and seasonal subgroups.

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    Clinical Study of Acupuncture Combined with Vitamin D on Behavioral and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    GU Jianhui, JING Yuzhen, LU Junfeng, YANG Lina, WEI Qinglin, JIA Yongnan
    Chinese General Practice    2025, 28 (33): 4180-4186.   DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0166
    Abstract168)   HTML0)    PDF(pc) (1602KB)(39)       Save
    Background

    Special education rehabilitation therapy is the main method to improve the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ; however, most children with ASD have comorbid gastrointestinal dysfunction such as constipation, abdominal pain, and nausea, which severely affect their physical and mental health. Snap shots improve gastrointestinal function, and vitamin D (VitD) is involved in neurological development and immune regulation is closely related to symptoms and function in children with ASD; and the efficacy of snap needles combined with VitD in treating behavioral and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with ASD needs to be studied.

    Objective

    To observe the effects of acupuncture combined with VitD on behaviors and gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic children based on special education rehabilitation therapy.

    Methods

    A total of 84 children with ASD who received rehabilitation training in Gansu Province Hospital Rehabilitation Center and Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine from April 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into two groups (42 cases in the observation group and 42 cases in the control group) according to the random number table method. Finally, 40 cases were included in each group after exclusion criteria. The control group was treated with special education rehabilitation therapy, while the observation group was treated with press-needle combined with vitamin D2 on the basis of special education rehabilitation therapy. Both groups were treated for 3 months. The Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), TCM Gastrointestinal Symptom Scores and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25- (OH) D] levels of the two groups of ASD children before and after treatment were observed and compared to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention methods in the two groups.

    Results

    Compared with before treatment, the scores of ABC, CARS, SRS and TCM Gastrointestinal Symptom in both groups of ASD children decreased after treatment (P<0.05) ; after treatment, the scores of ABC, CARS, SRS and TCM Gastrointestinal Symptom in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the level of 25- (OH) D in the control group decreased after treatment, while that in the observation group increased (P<0.05) ; after treatment, the level of 25- (OH) D in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective cases in the observation group were 36 (90.0%), and 30 (75.0%) in the control group. The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) .

    Conclusion

    Acupuncture combined with VitD has a significant therapeutic effect on children with autism, effectively improving children's social interaction and behavior abilities, alleviating gastrointestinal discomfort, enhancing quality of life, and improving rehabilitation training outcomes.

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    Study on the Control Rate and Influencing Factors of Bronchial Asthma in School-aged Children
    NA Feiyang, ZHANG Rongfang, ZHAO Qijun, LIANG Xuan, WANG Yong, WANG Yannan
    Chinese General Practice    2025, 28 (33): 4187-4191.   DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0702
    Abstract223)   HTML1)    PDF(pc) (1469KB)(250)       Save
    Background

    Bronchial asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children, with a rising global incidence. Due to the unique geographical location and climatic conditions, the prevalence of asthma among children in Lanzhou is relatively high. The level of asthma control is closely related to the quality of life and prognosis of children; however, research on the asthma control status and influencing factors in school-age children in Lanzhou remains limited.

    Objective

    To assess the control rate of bronchial asthma in school-aged children in Lanzhou and explore the influencing factors of asthma control levels.

    Methods

    A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data of school-age children who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma in Department of Pediatric, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child-care Hospital (Gansu Provincial Central Hospital) from 2021 to 2023. According to the Children-Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) score, children were divided into two groups: a controlled group (215 cases, C-ACT score≥23) and an uncontrolled group (199 cases, C-ACT score<23). The clinical data of two groups were collected and compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of asthma control levels in school-aged children with bronchial asthma.

    Results

    A total of 414 children with bronchial asthma were included in this study, including 244 (58.9%) males and 170 (41.1%) females, with a mean age of (7.64±1.94) years. The asthma control rate among school-aged children with bronchial asthma in Lanzhou was 51.9% (215/414). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that keeping cats or dogs at home (OR=3.075, 95%CI=1.453-6.508, P=0.003), comorbid allergic rhinitis (OR=1.947, 95%CI=1.127-3.364, P=0.017), autumn (OR=3.891, 95%CI=2.008-7.519, P<0.001) and winter (OR=2.227, 95%CI=1.140-4.367, P=0.019) were associated with poor asthma control in school-aged children. Proficiency in inhalation techniques (OR=0.191, 95%CI=0.117-0.312, P<0.001) and good compliance with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) medication (OR=0.202, 95%CI=0.123-0.332, P<0.001) were associated with better control of bronchial asthma in school-age children.

    Conclusion

    The control rate of bronchial asthma in school-age children in Lanzhou is not high, and it still needs to be further improved. The main influencing factors include keeping cats or dogs at home, combined allergic rhinitis, autumn and winter, lack of proficiency in inhalation techniques, and poor compliance with ICS medication.

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