International Cancer Survivorship Care Models: Recent Advances and Implications to China
With the increasing number of cancer patients, how to care for cancer survivors and establish a sound cancer survivorship care model has become a hot topic in China and even the world. The development of cancer survivorship care model in China is still in its infancy. There are some deficiencies in cancer care and the management needs to be improved. We reviewed the latest developments in foreign cancer care models, and analyzed the aspects that merit attention, such as care process improvement, resource convergence and model innovation, then based on current situation of cancer care in China, we advised from five aspects to facilitate domestic development of cancer survivorship care models: using tiered diagnosis and treatment to individualizedly manage cancer survivors, developing and improving cancer care guidelines, building a strong cancer care workforce, innovating cancer care management, and strengthening policy and institutional measures to reduce the cancer burden.
A Systematic Review of Universal Supportive Care Needs Scale for Cancer Patients Based on COSMIN Guidelines
There are many scales used to assess the universal supportive care needs for cancer patients at home and abroad, but there is a lack of standardized evaluation research on the quality of such scales and horizontal comparison research between different scales. Few researchers have systematically integrated and evaluated the measurement characteristics of such scales.
To evaluate the quality of psychometric properties and methodological quality of the Chinese version of the universal supportive care needs scale for cancer patients.
In April 2021, CNKI, Wanfang Data knowledge service platform, Whipple Journal full-text database, Chinese Biomedical Literature database, PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science and CINAHL Complete Database were retrieved to collect the Chinese version of the universal supportive care needs scale for cancer patients from the time of database establishment to March 30, 2021. After 2 researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data, the guidelines were systematically reviewed using the selection criteria for health measurement tools. Based on the evaluation of the measurement characteristics of the scale and the methodological quality of the research, the level of evidence for the measurement characteristics of the Chinese version of the supportive care needs assessment scale for cancer patients were comprehensively evaluated. All available studies were qualitatively summarised to formulate recommendations.
A total of 15 studies were included, involving 8 Chinese version of the supportive care needs assessment scale for cancer patients〔the 34-item Short Form Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34) , Supportive Care Needs Survey Screening Tool Chinese version (SCNS-ST9-C) , Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool in Cancer for Patients (CNAT) , Career Needs Questionnaires-Short Form (CNQ-SF) , Chinese Cancer Survivor's Unmet Needs (CaSUN-C) , the Short-Form Survivor Unmet Needs Survey (SF-SUNS) , Advanced Cancer Patient Needs Questionnaire (ACNQ-41) , short version of Advanced Cancer Patient Needs Questionnaire (ACNQ-29) 〕. In terms of content validity, except that the overall rating of ACNQ-29 was evaluated as "not mentioned", the overall rating of the other seven scales was evaluated as "uncertain"; In terms of structural validity, except that the overall rating of CaSUN-C、SF-SUNS was rated as "sufficient", the overall rating of the other six scales was rated as "uncertain"; In terms of internal consistency, the overall rating of SCNS-SF34、CNQ-SF、CaSUN-C、SF-SUNS was assessed as "sufficient", the overall rating of ACNQ-41 was assessed as "insufficient", and the overall rating of the other three scales was assessed as "uncertain"; In terms of cross-cultural validity, only the overall rating of SCNS-SF34 was rated as "sufficient", and the overall rating of the other seven scales was rated as "not mentioned"; In terms of stability, except that the overall rating of ACNQ-41 was evaluated as "insufficient" and the overall rating of SCNS-ST9-C、ACNQ-29 was rated as "not mentioned", the overall rating of the other five scales was evaluated as "sufficient"; In terms of hypothesis testing, the overall rating of three scales was assessed as "not mentioned" (CNAT、CNQ-SF、ACNQ-29) and "uncertain" (CaSUN-C、SF-SUNS、ACNQ-41) , respectively, and the overall rating of SCNS-SF34、SCNS-ST9-C was assessed as "sufficient". The recommended rating of eight scales was grade B.
SCNS-SF34 is the scale with the most comprehensive measurement characteristics with good reliability and validity and high clinical application feasibility, which can be temporarily recommended for use, but it needs further testing.
Experiences of Family Caregivers of Chinese Cancer Patients：a Qualitative Meta-synthesis
Care needs of Chinese cancer patients have increased significantly, due to massive population ageing and an increasing cancer incidence rate. Family caregiving, being the most important component in meeting those care needs, comes with many kinds of care burdens for caregivers. Thus, it is vital to systematically examine caregiving experiences of family caregivers for cancer patients.
To systematically synthesize the care experiences of family caregivers for Chinese cancer patients.
All qualitative studies on the caregiving experiences of family caregivers for Chinese cancer patients were systematically retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, EmBase, Medline, Cochrane Library, grey literature in the health sciences, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from inception to May 23, 2021 between January and May 2021. The 2016 JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research was used for quality evaluation. Meta-synthesis of the included studies was performed.
Nineteen studies (6 in Chinese and 13 in English) were finally included, involving 295 family caregivers in total. Nine were rated A with very low risk of bias, and 10 were rated B with relatively low risk of bias. Three overarching themes containing 15 subthemes emerged: patient-centered care needs, care burden and care gains.
This qualitative meta-synthesis provides a deep and comprehensive analysis of the care experiences of family caregivers of Chinese cancer patients, which may help improve the construction of medical system to meet the needs of patient-centered care, strengthen the positive factors affecting the care experience at the micro, meso and macro levels, and carry out intervention measures such as death and life education to reduce the negative impact of cultural factors on the care experience.
