Analysis of the Spatial Epidemiological Characteristics of the Probability of Diabetes Death and Premature Death among Residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2010 to 2020
With the development of society and economy, the rapid growth of diabetes incidence has become an important public health problem, but there are still few studies on the urban and rural distribution of diabetes.
To explore the spatial epidemiological characteristics of mortality and probability of premature death caused by diabetes among residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2010 to 2020, so as to provide the reference for the development of the regional strategy for diabetes control and prevention.
The diabetes death data reported from 2010 to 2020 were screened for analysis based on the death surveillance system in Pudong New Area in May 2021. The Crude mortality, age-standardized mortality, probability of premature death caused by diabetes and the annual percentage change (APC) of the residents from diabetes in each subdistricts and towns of Pudong New Area, so as to analyze the status and trend of diabetes death in Pudong New Area. The geographical information system (GIS) was used to plot the spatial distribution map of diabetes deaths and carry out trend surface analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis respectively.
The crude mortality, age-standardized mortality and probability of premature death caused by diabetes among residents in Pudong New Area between 2010 and 2020 were 37.90/100 000, 16.90/100 000 and 0.52%, respectively. The crude mortality rate, the age-standardized mortality rate and the probability of premature death caused by diabetes had been on the rise in Pudong New Area between 2010 and 2020 (APC for crude mortality rate=5.59%, Z=13.887, P=0.001, APC for age-standardized mortality rate=2.06%, Z=4.547, P=0.001, APC for the probability of premature death=1.50%, Z=2.476, P=0.035). The trend surface analysis showed that the crude and standardized mortality of diabetes in Pudong New Area gradually decreased from north to south, the probability of premature death was high in the middle and low in the north and south, the APC of crude death rate, standardized death rate and premature death probability was gradually decreasing from north to south. In the east-west direction, the crude death rate of diabetes, the standardized death rate and the probability of premature death all showed a trend of high at both ends, and the rate of crude death, standardized death rate and APC showed a trend of high at the middle and low at the two ends. The results of global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the crude death rate of diabetes, standardized death rate and premature death probability of residents in Pudong New Area were spatially positively correlated (Pcrude death rate<0.001, Pstandardized death rate<0.001, Ppremature death probability=0.003). The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high-high clustering area of the crude death rate of diabetes and the standardized death rate was located in the west of Pudong New Area, both of which contained 6 streets and 1 town, and there were partial geographic overlaps. The standardized low mortality rate-the low agglomeration areas were Chuansha New Town and Xuanqiao Town in the middle of Pudong New Area. The area in the west of Pudong New Area with three streets and two towns was a high-high concentration area with a high probability of early death.
The status of diabetes death in Pudong New Area during 2010 to 2020 was at a high level and showed an upward trend over the years. The crude and standardized mortality of diabetes in the western urban area of Pudong New Area were relatively high, and the mortality among residents living in the urban fringe rose at a relatively high speed in Pudong New Area. More attention should be paid to the status of diabetes in these subgroups.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cervical Cancer Prevalence in Guangdong Province，2015—2019
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer threatening women's health that calls for strengthened dynamic monitoring and early warning.
To perform a spatiotemporal analysis of cervical cancer prevalence in Guangdong from 2015 to 2019, providing a decision-making basis for relevant government departments to take targeted prevention and treatment measures for cervical cancer.
In May 2021, data of 5-year (2015—2019) cervical cancer prevalence in 20-64-year-old female Guangdongers living in Guangdong's 21 cities were collected for analysis at the provincial and municipal levels. Average annual growth rate for descriptive analysis. ArcGIS 10.6 was used for spatial visualization, spatial autocorrelation analysis and hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi) .
During 2015—2019, cervical cancer prevalence in Guangdong declined from 50.28/100 000 to 49.84/100 000. The highest average annual growth rate of cervical cancer prevalence was in Meizhou (76.05%), and the lowest was in Chaozhou (-52.81%). In 2019, Jieyang (210.40/100 000) was found to have the highest cervical cancer prevalence, followed by Maoming (127.34/100 000) and Yangjiang (108.05/100 000). In 2018, global spatial correlation (Global Moran's I value=0.364, P<0.05) appeared in the prevalence of cervical cancer in 21 cities in Guangdong, showing the characteristic of aggregated distribution. The results of local spatial autocorrelation indicated that Guangzhou consistently showed the local characteristics of "low-value to low-value agglomeration" from 2015 to 2019, with an expanded scope with the local characteristics overall. Jieyang and Chaozhou were cervical cancer "hot spots" in 2015, 2018 and 2019.
From 2015 to 2019, although Guangdong saw a decrease in cervical cancer prevalence on the whole, it had a higher cervical cancer prevalence in 2019 (43.3/100 000) than the national level. Comparatively speaking, the overall cervical cancer prevalence in Pearl River Delta region was lower than that of eastern, western and northern Guangdong. And cervical cancer "hot spots" were mainly in eastern Guangdong.
