As China enters a deep aging society, falls and fall-related injuries in older adults have gained increased attention, with increasing emergence of relevant studies, and continuous updates in relevant guidelines. In 2022, The World Falls Task Force assembled 96 experts from 39 countries to develop the World Guidelines for Falls Prevention and Management for Older Adults: a Global Initiative. The guidelines were developed using the person-centered methodology and the latest evidence on e-health for the prevention of falls, with full consideration of the needs of fall management of older adults, and their caregivers and other stakeholders' perspectives on preventing falls in older adults, as well as the guideline applicability in various care settings and locations with limited resources, which provide new clinical recommendations on the screening, assessment, and management of risk for falls among community-dwelling older adults. This paper offers an in-depth interpretation of the guidelines and an analysis of the effective practical guidance in the guidelines, providing practical guidance for Chinese physicians, nurses and community health workers to prevent and manage falls in older adults.
Achondroplasia is a rare disease leading to growth and developmental disorders in children, mainly manifested as skeletal dysplasia and disproportionate short stature, which can lead to respiratory abnormalities, hearing loss, spinal involvement, limb joint deformity and other problems, thus making patients encounter a variety of treatment and rehabilitation issues throughout their life, with greatly impaired quality of life. However, the clinical treatment and care pathways of achondroplasia are still not completely unified. To facilitate the standardization of clinical treatment of achondroplasia, the International Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis, Multidisciplinary Management and Lifelong Care of Individuals with Achondroplasia was developed by a group of international experts. We interpreted the key points of the consensus, mainly involving lifelong care and multidisciplinary clinical management, aiming to promote the standardization of care for individuals with achondroplasia in order to improve their clinical outcomes and quality of life as well as reduce their mortality.
Sleep disorders, especially insomnia and sleep behavior disorders, are highly prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) , which cause a wide range of detrimental effects on the children and their families. Several international professional organizations have highlighted integrating sleep disorders into the comprehensive evaluation and treatment in children with ASD, and developed relevant clinical guidelines or expert consensuses, such as the A Practice Pathway for the Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Insomnia in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders by the Autism Treatment Network (ATN) , Autism: the Management and Support of Children and Young People on the Autism Spectrum by the National Institute for Health and care Excellence (NICE) , and Practice Guideline: Treatment for Insomnia and Disrupted Sleep Behavior in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) . However, there is no applicable clinical guideline or expert consensus for sleep disorders among Chinese children with ASD, which greatly restricts the development of relevant clinical practice. We interpreted the above-mentioned two guidelines and one consensus, focusing mainly on several aspects, such as the levels of evidence and strength of recommendations, the definition of sleep disorders and associated factors, and behavioral treatments and melatonin-based therapies. It is hoped that our endeavors will contribute to the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders in Chinese children with ASD and the development of relevant clinical guidelines or expert consensuses.
