To provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR), this paper introduces its background and features from four aspects. In terms of design concepts, PBICR focuses on many aspects of mental health and health behaviours in the Chinese population, takes full account of timeliness and efficiency, adheres to the original intention of data openness and data sharing, builds a high-quality database with a large-sample, multi-centre, repetitive, nationwide cross-sectional design, and promotes data mining and exchange and cooperation; in terms of survey implementation, PBICR adopts a combination of population size-proportional, multistage sampling and quota sampling, and obtains data through face-to-face field surveys with strict quality control to ensure the representativeness and reliability of the samples; in terms of output, PBICR's research content is rich and updated in line with international hotspots, which can satisfy the demand for research on diversified variables and data, and the results of its past research have a higher influence in many fields such as public health, management, communication, and psychology; Looking ahead, PBICR will gradually complete the construction of databases from the general database to sub-databases, pay attention to special populations and a wide range of regions around the world, add tracking surveys and biomedical data research perspectives, and have great research potential to drive research on the mental and behavioural health of Chinese residents through the overall layout of the multi-dimensional.

为使研究者全面了解中国居民心理与行为调查研究（PBICR），本文从四个方面介绍其背景和特色。在设计理念上，PBICR聚焦中国人群的心理健康与健康行为的诸多方面，充分考虑时效性与高效性，秉承数据开放与数据共享初衷，以大样本、多中心、重复性、全国性横断面设计搭建高质量数据库，促进数据挖掘与交流合作；在调查实施上，PBICR采用人口规模成比例、多阶段抽样与配额抽样相结合的抽样方法，以面对面实地调查获取数据并严格质量控制，保证样本代表性与可靠性；在成果产出上，因PBICR研究内容涵盖丰富、更新接轨国际热点，可满足多样化变量数据研究需求，既往研究结果在公共卫生、管理学、传播学、心理学等多个领域具有较高影响力；展望未来，PBICR将逐步完成从总库到分库的数据库建设，关注特殊人群与全球广泛地区，增添追踪性调查与生物医学数据研究视角，拥有更大研究潜力，通过总体布局多层面驱动中国居民心理与行为健康研究。