Abstract: There have been at least 20 plagues or pandemics clearly recorded in human history. The historical lessons are always worth learning. During the last century，human society has made great progress，while repeated the mistakes they had made. This article is a collaboration between medical expert and historian to compare the current COVID-19 pandemic with the "Spanish Flu" pandemic 100 years ago，with Australia as the base of comparison. The purpose is to enlighten and emphasize the needs to review our policies and actions. Researchers believe that the contexts of the two pandemics have been dramatically changed，the most obvious of which is the overall progress of the social economy and science and technology marked by the Information Age. However，when faced the attack of viral pathogens，the epidemic prevention strategies adopted as well as mistakes made are somewhat similar. The mental health effects of a pandemic are often neglected while health professionals deal with acute life-threatening risks. There are significant impacts which manifested as anxiety，depression and substance use disorders，especially PTSD，and its impact on family，health professionals，and on unemployed，youth and other socially disadvantaged groups. The researchers analyzed the characteristics of the mental health effects of the three stages of the COVID-19 pandemic，and suggested more needs to be learned about its psycho-social impact on communities across the globe and the effect of the imminent economic recession on the physical and mental well-being of this，and subsequent，generations.

Key words: Novel coronavirus pneumonia, COVID-19, 1918 flu, Mental health

摘要： 人类历史上有明确记载的瘟疫或大流行至少有20多次。历史的经验教训值得借鉴，社会、科学和医学都在长足的进步，但人类仍在不断重复以前犯过的错误，漠视曾经有过的经历。本文是医学专家与历史学家合作，将本次新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行与100年前的西班牙流感大流行进行比较，以澳大利亚作为比较的落脚点，目的是从比较分析中发现和强调我们仍需要不断反思的政策和作为。研究者认为，相隔百年的两次大流行所处的人类社会背景已经发生巨大变化，最明显的是以信息时代为标志的社会经济和科学技术的全面进步，然而面对病毒病原体的来袭，人类社会采取的防疫策略和所犯错误竟也非常相似。研究者特别指出的是在传染病大流行期间，当医学系统在处理急性的威胁生命的危险时，往往忽视对心理健康造成的巨大影响，具体表现为焦虑、抑郁和物质使用障碍，特别是创伤后应激障碍，以及对家庭、医护人员、失业者、年轻人等社会弱势群体心理健康的影响。研究者分析了大流行三个阶段对心理健康影响的特点，并认为应该对新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行对全球社区的社会心理方面的急性和亚急性影响，以及即将到来的经济衰退对当代和后代人的身体和心理健康的长期影响，开展进一步研究。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒感染, 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 西班牙流感, 心理健康