Abstract: Metabolic fatty liver disease（MAFLD）is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide，with a prevalence of up to 30% in China，and still rising. The disease is associated with genetic factors，environmental factors and patients' lifestyle habits，and is easily combined with various metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes，cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases，as well as serious complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. An increasing number of basic experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the relevance of oral and gut microbiota to MAFLD，and targeted treatment of oral and gut microbiota may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD. In this paper，we summarize the oral and gut microbiota characteristics of MAFLD patients based on the theory of the oral-gut-liver axis and the mechanism of the role of oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis on the development of MAFLD，hoping to provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of MAFLD.

Key words: MAFLD, Oral-gut-liver axis, Microbiota, Review

摘要： 代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）是世界范围内常见的慢性肝病之一，中国地区的患病率高达30%，且仍在不断上升。MAFLD的发病与遗传因素、环境因素及患者不良生活习惯等原因密切相关，易合并糖尿病、心脑血管疾病等多种代谢相关性疾病，可能发生肝硬化、肝癌等严重并发症。越来越多的基础实验和临床研究证明了口腔和肠道微生物群与MAFLD的相关性，对口腔和肠道微生物组的靶向治疗可能在预防和治疗 MAFLD上发挥重要作用。本文基于口 - 肠 - 肝轴理论总结了MAFLD患者的口肠微生物群特征与口肠微生物群失调对MAFLD发生发展的作用机制，探讨了基于口肠微生物群治疗MAFLD的方式，以期为临床 MAFLD的诊断与治疗提供思路。

关键词: 代谢相关脂肪性肝病, 口-肠-肝轴, 微生物群, 综述