Abstract: Background　Available studies about bullying behaviors mainly using primary school and junior high school students as the subjects，but few using 3-6-year-old children.Objective　To survey the bullying behaviors among 3-6-year-old children in Guangxi，providing a reference for better controlling and preventing the bullying behaviors in this population.Methods　This survey was conducted from March to May 2018.By use of cluster sampling，1 054 children were selected from 30 classes of 10 kindergartens〔3 classes were （a junior，a medium and a senior） extracted from each kindergarten〕in Guilin，Liuzhou，Laibin，Nanning and Yulin，Guangxi Province.A self-developed questionnaire named Bullying Behavior Assessment among 3-6-year-old Children was used in the survey，which was filled in by the class teacher for the children according to their reported information，including demographic data，bullying behavior rating scale〔consisting of four subscales：direct forms of being bullied（verbal，physical and property bullying），indirect forms of being bullied，bullying others and responses to bullying〕 settings where bullying occurring．Moreover，on-site videos recorded by the camera were also used to collect relevant bullying data.Results　The questionnaire survey achieved a response rate of 93.2%（982
/1 054）.Among the 982 final participants （518 were male and 464 were female），except 798（81.3%） cases，other 184（18.7%）cases were involved in bullying，including 34 victims of indirect bullying，98 victims of direct bullying，and 52 offenders of bullying.Male children had higher prevalence rate of being victims or offenders of bullying than female children （P<0.05）.The prevalence rates of being involved in bullying，victims of direct bullying differed significantly across junior，medium and senior classes （P<0.05）.Male children had lower prevalence rate of direct verbal bullying and higher prevalence rate of direct physical bullying than female children （P<0.05）.The prevalence rate of direct verbal bullying and rate of victims of indirect bullying differed significantly across junior，medium and senior classes （P<0.05）.The average score of responses to bullying subscale of the victims of bullying was higher than that of those who were not involved in bullying 〔（19.9±4.1） vs （10.3±3.5）〕（t=28.15，P<0.01）.The top three settings where bullying occurring most frequently were activity room 〔76 cases （41.3%）〕，outdoor activity field〔36 cases （19.6%）〕，aisle and hall〔34 cases （18.5%）〕.Prevalence of bullying occurring in outdoor activity field，activity room and kindergarten corner were significantly different across junior，medium and senior classes（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The prevalence of bullying among 3-6-year-old children in Guangxi is high.The prevalence rates of being involved in bullying，offenders of bullying，victims of direct verbal bullying and direct physical bullying differ significantly according to sex.The prevalence rates of being involved in bullying，victims of direct bullying and victims of direct verbal bullying，victims suffering bullying in silence，and settings where bullying occurring differ significantly across junior，medium and senior classes.

Key words: Bullying；Aggression；Child, preschool；Child day care centers；Cross-sectional studies

摘要： 背景　既往欺负行为的研究多聚焦于小学生和初中生，而针对3~6岁幼儿的相关研究较少。目的　了解广西3~6岁幼儿欺负行为的现状，为更好地预防幼儿欺负行为的发生提供参考。方法　2018年3—5月，采用整群抽样法在广西桂林市、柳州市、来宾市、南宁市、玉林市选取10所幼儿园，以班级为单位，每所幼儿园抽取小班、中班、大班各1个班，共30个班1 054例幼儿进行调查研究。使用本课题组编制的《3~6岁幼儿欺负行为评定问卷》进行调查。调查问卷由各班班主任填写，借助摄像头现场观察并记录幼儿欺负行为发生状况。问卷包括基本情况、欺负行为评定量表（由间接受欺负、直接受欺负、欺负他人、对欺负的应对4个分量表组成，其中直接受欺负分量表可细分为言语欺负、身体欺负、财物欺负项目）、欺负行为发生场所。结果　共发放调查问卷1 054份，回收有效问卷982份，回收有效率为93.2%。982名幼儿中男518例，女464例；卷入欺负行为184名（占18.7%，其中间接受欺负34名、直接受欺负98名、欺负他人52名），未卷入欺负行为798名（占81.3%）。男性幼儿卷入欺负行为、欺负他人发生率高于女性（P<0.05）。不同班段幼儿卷入欺负行为、直接受欺负发生率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。男性受欺负幼儿受到直接言语欺负发生率低于女性，直接身体欺负发生率高于女性（P<0.05）。不同班段受欺负幼儿受到直接言语欺负、间接受欺负发生率比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。受欺负幼儿对欺负的应对分量表得分〔（19.9±4.1）分〕高于未卷入欺负行为幼儿〔（10.3±3.5）分〕（t=28.15，P<0.01）。卷入欺负行为的184名幼儿中，欺负行为发生的场所排在前3位的分别是活动室〔76例（41.3%）〕、室外活动场〔36例（19.6%）〕、过道和大厅〔34例（18.5%）〕。不同班段幼儿欺负行为发生在室外活动场、活动室、幼儿园角落所占比例比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　广西3~6岁幼儿欺负行为检出率较高，卷入欺负行为、欺负他人的幼儿在性别上存在差异，卷入欺负行为、直接受欺负幼儿在班段上存在差异；幼儿在直接受欺负时，其受言语欺负和身体受欺在性别上存在差异，其受言语欺负在班段中存在差异；同时，不同班段幼儿在受欺负发生率、欺负行为发生场所上存在差异。

关键词: 欺负, 攻击, 儿童, 学龄前, 日托幼儿园, 横断面研究