Abstract: Background　Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with high morbidity and mortality.Cognitive dysfunction，as one of its core symptoms，can run through the entire course of the disease and even as a residual symptom for a long time，significantly impacting the patient's social functioning.Executive dysfunction is one of the behavioral manifestations of cognitive impairment，which influences the patient's daily life and prognosis greatly.Objective　To discuss the prevalence of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia and its relationship with the severity of schizophrenia.Methods　This study was carried out following a case-control design.Participants were recruited from Psychiatric Disorders，Beijing Biobank of Clinical Resources，including 88 cases of schizophrenia，and 120 normal controls during January 2014 and January 2018.Executive dysfunction was screened in all participants by the time used to complete part A and part B of the trail making test（TMT） and errors made during the process.The association of executive dysfunction with the severity of schizophrenia was examined by comparing the TMT results between schizophrenia patients with PANSS score <70（n=44） and those with PANSS score ≥70（n=44）.Results　Compared with the controls，schizophrenia patients used more time to complete both part A and part B of the TMT，and they made more errors in performing either part A or part B（P<0.05）.Schizophrenia patients with PANSS≥70 used more time to finish both part A and part B of the TMT，and they made more errors in performing either part A or part B than those with PANSS<70（P<0.05）.Conclusion　Impaired executive functioning is found in schizophrenia patients，and the degree of impairment is positively associated with the severity of schizophrenia.

Key words: Schizophrenia, Executive dysfunction, Trail making test, Case control study, Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale

摘要： 背景　精神分裂症是一种高发病率和死亡率的重症精神障碍，认知功能障碍作为其核心症状之一，可以贯穿患者的整个病程，甚至作为残留症状长期存在，对于患者的社会功能具有显著影响。执行功能障碍是认知功能障碍的行为表现之一，且对患者的日常生活和预后影响较大。目的　探讨精神分裂症患者的执行功能障碍情况及其与病情严重程度的相关性。方法　本研究为病例对照研究，研究数据来自2014年1月—2018年1月首都医科大学附属北京安定医院北京重大疾病临床数据和样本资源库——精神疾病库，正常对照组人群120例和精神分裂症组患者88例，通过比较两组研究对象的连线测验（TMT）结果（TMT-A用时、TMT-A错误数量、TMT-B用时、TMT-B错误数量），来说明精神分裂症患者存在执行功能障碍。精神分裂症组患者按照阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）结果，分为两亚组，即PANSS<70分亚组（n=44）和PANSS≥70分亚组（n=44），通过比较两亚组的TMT结果，说明执行功能障碍与精神分裂症的严重程度是否相关。结果　与正常对照组相比，精神分裂症组患者的TMT-A用时和TMT-B用时较长，且TMT-A错误数量和TMT-B错误数量较多（P<0.05）。与PANSS<70分亚组患者相比，PANSS≥70分亚组患者的TMT-A用时和TMT-B用时较长，TMT-A错误数量和TMT-B错误数量较多（P<0.05）。结论　精神分裂症患者的执行功能受损；并且精神分裂症患者的执行功能受损程度与疾病的严重程度相关。

关键词: 精神分裂症, 执行功能障碍, 连线测验, 病例对照研究, 阳性与阴性症状量表