Abstract:  Objective　To analyze the characteristics and changes of renal disease spectrum in Xinjiang in the past 10 years，so as to provide a basis for epidemiological research，clinical diagnosis and prevention.Methods　A total of 3 824 patients with renal biopsy were selected in the renal biopsy registration system of the Institute of Nephrology，People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2008 to 2017.Patients were divided into 2008-2012 group （1 402 cases） and 2013-2017 group （2 422 cases） according to the examination time of renal biopsy.The diseases were classified in accordance with Kidney Biopsy Pathology （2nd Edition） and the second edition of pathological classification of glomerular diseases.Gender，age and ethnicity of subjects were recorded，and the changes of renal disease spectrum were compared.Results　Of the 3 824 patients，3 082 were primary glomerular disease （PGD） and 1 365 were secondary renal disease （SGD）．There were no significant differences in gender and ethnic distribution of IgA nephropathy （IgAN），membranous nephropathy （MN），mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN），minimal change disease s （MCD） and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSGS） （P>0.05）．The difference in age distribution of IgAN，MN，MCD，MsPGN and FSGS was statistically significant （P<0.05）．Among them，patients with IgAN were mainly 30 to 49 years old，with MN and FSGS mainly≥50 years old，and with MsPGN mainly 20 to 29 years old.Besides，there were significant differences in gender and age distribution of diabetic nephropathy （DN），hypertensive nephropathy （HT），Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis （HSPN），and lupus nephritis （LN） （P<0.05）．However，there was no significant difference in ethnic distribution of DN，HT，HSPN and LN （P>0.05）．Finally，there were significant differences in age，ethnic，and disease spectrum of PGD and SGD between 2008-2012 group and 2013-2017 group （P<0.05）．The proportion of IgAN，MN and DN in 2013-2017 group was higher than that in 2008-2012 group，and the proportion of MCD，MsPGN，HT and HSPN was lower than that in 2008-2012 group （P<0.05）．Conclusion　PGD is the main spectrum of kidney disease in Xinjiang，of which IgAN ranks the first and the number of patients with MN is increasing.DN ranks the first in SGD.

Key words: Kidney diseases, Spectrum of disease, Renal biopsy, Pathological type

摘要： 目的　分析近10年新疆地区肾脏疾病谱的特征及其变化，为流行病学研究、临床诊治及预防提供一定的参考依据。方法　选取2008—2017年新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院肾病研究所肾活检登记系统中行肾穿刺活检术的患者3 824例，根据患者行肾穿刺活检术的时间将其分为前5年组（2008—2012年）1 402例和后5年组（2013—2017年）2 422例。参照《肾活检病理学（第2版）》并依据第2版肾小球疾病病理学分类对疾病进行分类，记录患者的性别、年龄、民族，比较肾脏疾病谱的变化。结果　3 824例患者中，原发性肾小球疾病（PGD）3 082例，继发性肾小球疾病（SGD）1 365例。IgA肾病（IgAN）、膜性肾病（MN）、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（MsPGN）、微小病变（MCD）、局灶节段性肾小球硬化症（FSGS）的性别、民族分布情况比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。IgAN、MN、MCD、MsPGN、FSGS的年龄分布情况比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中，IgAN的患者年龄主要为30~49岁，MN、FSGS主要为≥50岁，MsPGN主要为20~29岁。糖尿病肾病（DN）、高血压肾病（HT）、过敏性紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）、狼疮性肾炎（LN）的性别、年龄分布情况比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。DN、HT、HSPN和LN的民族分布情况比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。前5年组与后5年组年龄、民族及PGD、SGD疾病谱分布情况比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。其中，后5年组IgAN、MN及DN所占比例均高于前5年组，后5年组MCD、MsPGN、HT和HSPN所占比例均低于前5年组（P<0.05）。结论　新疆地区肾脏疾病谱以PGD为主，其中IgAN居于首位，MN等较之前有所增多；在SGD疾病谱中，DN位于第1位。

关键词: 肾疾病, 疾病谱, 肾活检, 病理类型