Abstract: Background　Caries in deciduous teeth has different degrees of influence on children's physical and mental health.Healthy oral hygiene behavior in childhood also has a positive impact on future growth and development.In recent years，there is a lack of literature on analyzing the status quo of health of deciduous teeth among children in urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province.Objective　To investigate the prevalence of carious deciduous teeth and oral hygiene behaviors among 3-5-year-old children in urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province，proving an evidence-based reference for the development of appropriate oral hygiene interventions by relevant departments.Methods　In this cross-sectional study carried out between December 2015 and October 2016，by stratified clustering sampling，we enrolled 2 880 3-5-year-old children〔1 428（49.58%） urban children and 1 452（50.42%） rural children〕 from 3 kindergartens randomly sampled from 5 districts and 5 counties of Shangrao，Ganzhou，Yichun，Jiujiang and Nanchang （1 district and 1 county from each city） randomly selected from Jiangxi Province.All of them underwent a dental examination for screening the prevalence of dental caries and a personal interview survey about oral hygiene.Results　The prevalence of caries was 49.13%（1 415/2 880） and the mean DMFT was （2.33±3.55） among all the children.Compared with rural children，urban children demonstrated a lower prevalence of caries〔42.37%（605/1 428） vs 55.79%（810/1 452），χ2=51.866，P<0.05〕，a lower mean DMFT〔（1.79±3.03）vs （2.86±3.92）（Z=-8.156，P<0.001）〕，and lower prevalence of caries in central incisors，lateral incisors，canine teeth，first molars and second molars  （P<0.05） in the maxilla，mandible and both maxilla and mandible.Urban and rural children showed significant differences in prevalence of tooth brushing，age of starting tooth brushing，frequency of daily tooth brushing，prevalence of using toothpaste with fluoride，frequency of eating sugary foods，suffering from tooth pain or discomfort over the past 12 months （P<0.05），but not in the rate of seeking hospital care due to dental problems （P>0.05）．Conclusion　In Jiangxi Province，3-5-year-old children from the urban areas had lower caries prevalence and mean DMFT and better oral hygiene behaviors compared with those from rural areas.In order to improve the overall oral health status of children，a high priority should be given to oral health education and interventions for bad oral hygiene behaviors，and development of good oral hygiene behaviors for children in rural areas.

Key words: Oral hygiene；Tooth, deciduous；Dental caries；Child；Cities；Rural

摘要： 背景　乳牙龋齿的发生会给儿童身心健康带来不同程度的影响，儿童时期健康口腔卫生行为的养成也对日后健康生长发育有着积极影响，而近年来对江西省城乡儿童乳牙健康现状进行分析的文献匮乏。目的　了解江西省3~5岁城乡儿童乳牙患龋现状及口腔相关卫生行为，为相关部门制定适宜的口腔健康干预计划提供实证研究。方法　于2015年12月—2016年10月，以江西省3~5岁儿童为研究对象，采用分层整群抽样法，随机抽取上饶市、赣州市、宜春市、九江市、南昌市5个城市，再从每个样本市中随机抽取1个区和1个县，每个样本区、县再随机抽取3家幼儿园，最终实际抽检2 880例儿童。对儿童进行牙齿健康临床检查，诊断龋齿发生情况；并进行口腔健康问卷调查。结果   2 880例儿童中，城市儿童1 428例（49.58%），农村儿童1 452例（50.42%），患龋患儿1 415例，患龋率为49.13%，龋均为（2.33±3.55）。城市儿童患龋率为42.37%（605/1 428），低于农村儿童的55.79%（810/1 452）（χ2=51.866，P<0.001）。城市儿童龋均为（1.79±3.03），低于农村儿童的（2.86±3.92）（Z=-8.156，P<0.001）。上颌、下颌、上下颌部位，城市儿童中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙、第一磨牙、第二磨牙患龋率均低于农村儿童（P<0.05）。城市和农村儿童是否刷牙、开始刷牙的年龄、每天刷牙次数、刷牙是否使用含氟牙膏、甜食的进食频率、过去12个月是否有过牙痛或不适的经历比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；城市和农村儿童去医院看牙的就诊率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　江西省3~5岁城市儿童患龋率、龋均均低于农村，城市儿童口腔健康相关行为优于农村。可见，开展儿童口腔健康教育、相关行为干预、口腔疾病治疗均应以农村为重点，进而培养良好的口腔卫生行为习惯，改善江西省儿童口腔健康水平。

关键词: 口腔卫生；牙, 乳；龋齿；儿童；城市；农村