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2023年2月 第26卷 第4期 http: //www.chinagp.net E-mail: zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn ·487·
2010 to December 31,2021 in three databases(i.e.,CNKI,WanFang Data and CQVIP)were searched on February 15,
2022. The number of the articles was counted for analysis. CiteSpace was used to conduct a visualization analysis of authors,
research institutions and keywords extracted from the identified articles. Results A total of 598 articles were finally included. The
annual number of publications demonstrated an increasing trend generally during the period,with a peak in 2018(n=81). Five
major groups of authors were identified. The top three prolific institutions were Gannan Medical University〔113 articles(18.9%)〕,
Guangxi Medical University〔40 articles(6.7%)〕 and Xinxiang Medical University〔28 articles(4.7%)〕. The top
three high-frequency keywords were "order-oriented"(70 times),"targeted admission students"(57 times) and "talent
cultivation"(44 times). Eight topic clusters were derived from keyword cluster mapping,namely "#0 learning motivation" "#1
teaching model" "#2 order-oriented cultivation" "#3 influencing factors" "#4 general medicine" "#5 primary care" "#6 medical
college" and "#7 medical students". Knowledge map of keywords with the strongest citation bursts showed that the top three were
"career identity" "major identity" and "rural primary care". The time-dependent graph indicated that the evolution of research on
the training of TAMS could be roughly divided into three stages:education and training for TAMS at school,post-graduation
training and education of TAMS,and current work status of TAMS in primary care. Conclusion The research on the training of
TAMS in China is increasingly flourishing. Relevant policies are the major facilitators for the training of TAMS. The research is also
featured by lack of inter-regional and inter-institutional coordination among related research institutions and authors. Moreover,
the hotspots are constantly changing with the times,and the major topics about which can be summarized as follows:training
models for TAMS,learning motivation of TAMS,and intention to work at primary care and associated factors in TAMS. The future
research directions may be the evaluation of current work status and intention to work at primary care in a long-term period in
TAMS,effectiveness of the implementation of policies related to the training of TAMS,and the innovative development of training
models for TAMS.
【Key words】 Rural-oriented tuition-waived medical students;Education,medical;General practice;Research
hotspots;Research trends;Bibliometrics;CiteSpace
新医改启动以来,全面加强基层医疗卫生队伍建设 1 资料与方法
受到国家及学术界的高度重视和关注,农村订单定向医 1.1 资料来源 于 2022-02-15,系统检索中国知网、
学生(简称定向医学生)的免费培养则是加强基层医疗 万方数据知识服务平台、维普网,以“(农村订单定向
卫生队伍建设及提升基层诊疗服务能力的重要举措。为 OR 订单定向 OR 免费培养 OR 定向培养 OR 订单)AND
做好定向医学生免费培养工作,相关部门出台了一系列 (医学生 OR 医学毕业生)”为检索式进行主题检索,
政策,如国家发展改革委等多部门于 2010 年联合印发 检索时限为 2010-01-01 至 2021-12-31。文献纳入标
了《关于印发开展农村订单定向医学生免费培养工作实 准:(1)研究内容聚焦定向医学生培养;(2)中文文
施意见的通知》(发改社会〔2010〕1198 号),2015 献。排除标准:(1)重复发表的文献;(2)综述、通
年发印了《教育部等 6 部门关于进一步做好农村订单定 知、简介、会议、资讯等文献资料;(3)与研究主题
向医学生免费培养工作的意见》(教高〔2015〕6 号), 明显不相关的文献。初检共获得相关文献 1 449 篇,手
2019 年印发了《关于做好农村订单定向免费培养医 动剔除综述、通知、简介、会议、资讯及与研究主题明
学生就业安置和履约管理工作的通知》(国卫科教发 显不相关的文献后,将其保存为 NoteExpress 格式,经
〔2019〕56 号)等政策文件,为定向医学生的培养提 NoteExpress软件去重,最终纳入符合标准的文献(n=598)
供了强有力的政策保障,党的十九大报告强调要“加强 作为研究样本(图 1)。
基层医疗卫生服务体系和全科医生队伍建设”,为定向 1.2 资料提取 由 2 名研究者进行资料提取:(1)统
医学生的培养指明了方向。由于我国全科医学的发展起 计作者发文量(不区分作者在文章中的位次);(2)
步较晚,当前仍存在培养体系不够健全、队伍数量不足、 对作者机构进行合并处理,二级院系合并、归纳入作者
总体质量有待提高、体制机制有待完善、职业吸引力不 所属第一机构,如“赣南医学院”与“赣南医学院农村(社
足等问题 [1] 。通过查阅文献,发现关于定向医学生的 区)医学教育研究中心”合并为“赣南医学院”;(3)
研究主要以现状调查、政策建议、描述性案例探究为主, 对同义关键词进行合并处理,如“定向”与“订单定向”
基于文献计量学的信息可视化分析较为少见。本文基于 合并为“订单定向”,“培养”与“人才培养”合并为“人
文献计量学的研究方法,运用 CiteSpace 可视化分析软 才培养”等,存在异议的关键词与第三方商榷后确定。
件来探索定向医学生培养领域的研究热点和趋势,为后 1.3 研究工具 CiteSpace 软件是由陈朝美教授基于
续研究提供借鉴和参考。 JAVA 开发的一款信息可视化软件,能以动态图谱的形