Page 39 - 2023-03-中国全科医学
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·288·  http: //www.chinagp.net   E-mail: zgqkyx@chinagp.net.cn                     Jaunary  2023, Vol.26  No.3

           COPD. Methods By use of convenient sampling,a total of 597 COPD patients were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital
           of Bengbu Medical College,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College and the Third People's Hospital of Bengbu
           to establish a cohort study population between March 2019 and October 2020. During the hospitalization,general information
           such as gender,age,educational level,marital status,living style,comorbidities,smoking history,and monthly family
           income were collected from patients. Fatigue Scale-14 was used to measure the fatigue status,BODE index was used to predict
           the severity and prognosis,Anxiety and depression were assessed by the Anxiety Scale(HADS-A)and the Depression Scale
           (HADS-D)in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS). The patients were followed up for 1 year after discharge,
           recorded the occurrence of acute exacerbation in COPD,and assessed the quality of life with COPD Assessment Test(CAT).
           Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identity factors possibly associated with the acute
           exacerbation in COPD. ROC curve analysis was used to measure the performance of fatigue in predicting acute exacerbation in
           COPD. Results The lost cases were screened and eliminated according to the corresponding inclusion criteria and exclusion
           criteria,five hundred and fifty cases were finally included for analysis,416 of them had fatigue,and other 134 did not. Patients
           with and without fatigue had significant differences in smoking prevalence,mean number of acute exacerbations in a year,BODE
           index,HADS-A score,and CAT score(P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that FS-14 score,BODE index
           and CAT score are risk factors for acute exacerbation in COPD(P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the
           curve of fatigue in predicting the acute exacerbation in COPD was 0.826,with 85.2% sensitivity,65.4% specificity,and 0.506
           Youden's index. Conclusion Fatigue increases the risk of acute exacerbation in COPD to a certain extent. So clinical delivery of
           targeted preventive interventions may be beneficial to the reduction of acute exacerbation in COPD.
               【Key words】 Pulmonary disease,chronic obstructive;Fatigue;Prospective studies;Cohort studies;Root cause
           analysis;Acute exacerbation


               慢 性 阻 塞 性 肺 疾 病(chronic obstructive pulmonary   意识障碍,能够理解、配合并自愿参与本研究。排除标准:
           disease,COPD)是一类与有害气体及有害颗粒引起的                       (1)预计总生存期 <12 个月;(2)合并严重肝、肾功
           异常炎性反应相关的常见慢性肺部疾病。COPD 以持续                          能不全、心脑血管疾病;(3)研究期间失访或死亡;(4)
           性呼吸道症状和气流受限为主要特征,可发展为呼吸衰                            临床、随访资料不完整。本研究经蚌埠医学院伦理委员
           竭等严重疾病,有较高的致残率、病死率。我国 COPD                          会审核批准,批号[2020]第 053 号,患者及其家属均
           患者近 1 亿,给家庭及社会造成巨大经济压力                     [1] 。    知情同意。
           COPD 急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive   1.2 资料收集
           pulmonary disease,AECOPD)指 COPD 患者在短期内病             1.2.1 调查方法 由有经验的医师记录入院患者基本情
           情出现持续恶化(如呼吸困难、咳嗽或咳痰症状加重)                            况,包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住方
           并可能需要改变其基础用药方案的一种临床状态                      [2] ,    式、合并症、吸烟史(有吸烟史:一生中吸烟时间连续
           是导致患者预后不良甚至死亡的重要原因                   [3] 。疲劳是       或累计达 6 个月或以上;无吸烟史:一生中吸烟时间连
           主观上自觉精神疲倦、困乏无力的一种不适感觉                      [4] ,    续或累计不超过 6 个月,或吸烟时间虽累计超过 6 个月
           也是继呼吸困难之后的 COPD 第二大常见异常临床症                          但本研究开始时已连续 2 年未吸烟)、家庭月收入等一
           状,但临床对疲劳的相关研究远不如呼吸困难,也常被                            般资料;测量患者肺功能,记录第一秒用力呼气量占
           护理工作所忽视       [5] 。有研究表明,疲劳与 COPD 患者                其预计值百分比(FEV 1 %),使用六分钟步行距离测试
           的急性加重及预后密切相关            [6-7] 。本研究通过对 COPD          (6MWD)评估患者运动能力。
           患者进行前瞻性研究,探讨疲劳对 AECOPD 的影响,                         1.2.2 AECOPD 诊断标准 有 COPD 病史患者出现如下
           旨在为 AECOPD 的早期预测、疾病自我管理等提供更                         症状,即可诊断为 AECOPD:气促突然加重,伴喘息、
           多参考。                                                胸闷、咳嗽加剧、痰量增加,痰液颜色和 / 或黏度改变
           1 对象与方法                                             以及发热等症状超过日常变异范围               [2] 。
           1.1 研究对象 以便利抽样法选取蚌埠医学院第一附                           1.2.3 疲劳量表(FS-14) FS-14 由英国学者 WONG
           属医院、蚌埠医学院第二附属医院、蚌埠市第三人民                             等 [9] 研发,用于测量社区或临床患者疲劳程度。FS-14
           医院于 2019 年 3 月至 2020 年 10 月收治的 COPD 患者              含躯体疲劳和脑力疲劳 2 个维度,共 14 个条目,每条
           597 例。纳入标准:(1)达到“COPD 全球倡议最新指                       目采用 0~1 分的两级评分方式(躯体疲劳最高 8 分,脑
           南诊断标准”      [8] 中“COPD 稳定期”诊断标准的患者;                 力疲劳最高 6 分);各条目评分累加为量表总分,最高
          (2)经治疗后已出院,并能接受长期随访;(3)无语言、                          14 分;总分≥ 5 分提示患者存在疲劳症状,分值越高
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