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           quality of life status. The European Five-Dimensional Health Scale(EQ-5D-5L) was used to assess the health-related life
           quality of the elderly. The QALY loss caused by chronic diseases was calculated based on the Chinese EQ-5D-5L utility value
           score system,and the QALY loss and economic loss caused by common chronic diseases in Shanxi Province in 2019 were
           estimated by using population and GDP per capita from statistical bulletin. Results The results of univariate analysis showed
           that there were significant differences in the utility value of EQ-5D-5L among the elderly with different ages,living regions,
           educational levels,marital status,and family per capita monthly income(P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression
           analysis showed that higher per capita monthly income of families,being married and younger age were the protective factors for
           the health utility value of EQ-5D-5L(P<0.05). The prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly in Shanxi Province was
           58.49%(1 901/3 250). The top 5 chronic diseases by prevalence were:hypertension 29.45%(957/3 250),diabetes 10.83%
           (352/3 250),rheumatism or rheumatoid arthritis 10.28%(334/3 250),hearing impairment 8.09%(263/3 250),gastritis
           or peptic ulcer 6.49%(211/3 250). Based on the estimation of the total population of Shanxi Province,the loss of QALY caused
           by five common chronic diseases in Shanxi Province in 2019 was 2 078 685 years,and the economic loss was 95 045 792 940
           yuan. The chronic disease causing the most QALY loss and economic loss in Shanxi Province was rheumatism or rheumatoid
           arthritis in Datong,Taiyuan and Luliang;in Jincheng,Yangquan city was hearing impairment;In Jinzhong,Linfen,
           Yuncheng,Shuozhou,Xinzhou,Changzhi City was hypertension. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases among the
           elderly in Shanxi Province was relatively high,and chronic diseases will not only cause the loss of QALY of the elderly,but also
           cause a huge economic burden. Common chronic diseases vary by region in Shanxi Province,each region should determine the
           priority of disease prevention and treatment according to the actual situation,identify the key objectives and population of health
           management,so as to achieve a multiplier effect.
               【Key words】 Chronic disease;Aged;Cost of illness;Quality-adjusted life years;Economic losses;Health
           management


               中国是世界上老年人口最多的国家                [1] ,第七次全        法从各区(县)中抽取两个社区(行政村);最后,
           国人口普查数据显示,我国≥ 60 岁老年人口约 2.64 亿,                     采用同样方法从每个社区(行政村)中抽取 2 个居民小
           占总人口的 18.7%     [2] 。身体的衰老使得老年人面临诸                  区(自然村)。共抽取 22 个区(县)、44 个社区(行
           多健康问题,我国近 1.8 亿老年人患有慢性病,患有一                         政村)、88 个居民小区(自然村)。从居民小区(自
           种及以上慢性病的比例高达 75%            [3] 。慢性病在我国所            然村)中随机抽取符合条件的老年人纳入本研究。纳
           造成的疾病负担占总疾病负担的 70% 以上,已经成为                          入标准:(1)年龄≥ 60 岁;(2)在该社区或村中居
           影响国家经济社会发展和居民身体健康状况的重大公共                            住时间长于半年。排除标准:(1)既往有认知功能障
           卫生问题    [4] 。因此有必要去量化老年人的疾病负担,                      碍;(2)不愿意配合调查者。样本量计算根据公式:
                                                                   2
           以更好地了解慢性病给个人及社会造成的影响。疾病负                            N=μ α/2 P(1-P)/δ  2[8] 。式中 δ 为容许误差,取
           担可以通过质量调整生命年(QALY)损失估算,QALY                         0.02,μ α/2 =1.96,P 为总体患病率(2017 年卫生统计
           是综合考量了疾病引起的生命年损失和生命效能降低的                            年鉴中指出,2013 年全国≥ 65 岁老年人慢性病患病率
           指标,可用于不同疾病的疾病负担比较,评价不同人群                            为 539.9‰ [9] ),算得样本量为 2 386。考虑 10% 的无
           的健康状况     [5] 。与伤残调整生命年(DALY)相比,                    应答率及 10% 的问卷无效率,应调查 2 945 人。本次研
           QALY 可以通过患病率来计算疾病负担,而不用获取死                          究共发放问卷 3 266 份,回收有效问卷 3 250 份,问卷
           亡率来计算。慢性病 QALY 损失是相较于健康人群,某                         有效回收率为 99.51%。本研究由山西医科大学伦理委
           地区人群 1 年因患某种慢性病造成的健康年损失,通过                          员会审核批准(批准号:2018LL177),所有调查对象
           测量调查对象的健康效用值及患病率进行计算                    [6-7] 。本    均知情同意。
           研究以山西省老年人为例,了解其常见慢性病患病状况                            1.2 研究方法 采用自行设计问卷,由调研人员面对
           及其造成的 QALY 损失与经济损失,为有关部门配置卫                         面地解释问卷内容并指导调查对象进行问卷填写,调研
           生资源、优化卫生服务效果提供参考依据。                                 人员在招募时被告知研究程序,并接受严格培训,以帮
           1 对象与方法                                             助调查对象准确、完整地进行问卷填写。问卷内容由 3
           1.1 研究对象 2019 年 6—8 月,采用多阶段随机抽样                     部分组成:一般人口学特征(性别、年龄、生活区域、
           方法在山西省 11 个地市中抽取符合条件的老年人作为                          文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入)、疾病状况(是
           研究对象。首先,在山西省 11 个地市中采用随机数表                          否患有慢性病、患慢性病种类)、健康相关生命质量状况。
           法从各地市随机抽取 2 个区(县);然后,采用同样方                          其中,文化程度分为:低(未接受过正规教育、小学)、
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