Page 16 - 中国全科医学2022-18

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2.Medical Imaging Department，Inner Mongolia People's Hospital，Hohhot 010017，China
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Corresponding author：WANG Xiuyan，Chief superintendent nurse，Master supervisor；E-mail：18047190758@189.cn
【Abstract】 Background As life expectancy increases，the number of elderly patients with osteoporosis rises as well.
Many factors affect the development of osteoporosis，and good physical fitness may contribute to having better social adaptability
in older people. So it is very important to pay attention to osteoporosis and ensure physical fitness in this group. Objective To
explore the factors associated with osteoporosis，and analyze physical fitness in elderly men，providing a theoretical basis for
preventing osteoporosis，improving physical fitness and developing health management programs for this group. Methods This
study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020. A total of 250 elderly men who underwent bone mineral density（BMD）
examination were selected from Health Management Center，Inner Mongolia People's Hospital，and divided into normal BMD，
osteopenia and osteoporosis groups by BMD examination results. Data were collected，including baseline information，laboratory
results，physical fitness test results〔 including muscular strength （number of elbow bending within 30 seconds，30-second
sit-to-stand test results），flexibility （shoulder and arm stretches，sitting flexion test），balance （stand on one foot with eyes
closed），aerobic capacity （2-minute step test），agility/mobility （timed up go test with a minimal space of 2.5 meters）〕.
Results Of the 250 subjects，76 （30.4%） had normal BMD，123 （49.2%） had osteopenia，and 51（20.4%） had
osteoporosis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that abdomen circumference〔OR=0.710，95%CI（0.566，
0.891）〕，body mass index 〔OR=0.685，95%CI（0.474，0.990）〕，high-density lipoprotein cholesterol〔OR=74.182，
95%CI（3.738，1 472.125）〕，25（OH）D 3 〔OR=0.745，95%CI（0.619，0.897）〕，and estradiol〔OR=0.784，
95%CI（0.665，0.924）〕were associated with osteoporosis in elderly men（P<0.05）. All the subjects successfully completed
physical fitness tests，without adverse events. The number of repetitions of sit-to-stands within 30 seconds，results of shoulder
and arm stretches，sitting flexion test，and 2-minute step test，duration for stand on one foot with eyes closed，as well as time
used for timed up go test with a minimal space of 2.5 meters differed significantly across normal BMD，osteopenia and osteoporosis
groups（P<0.05）. The number of elbow bending within 30 seconds showed no significant differences across the three groups
（P>0.05）. Conclusion In elderly men，abdomen circumference，body mass index，high-density lipoprotein cholesterol，
25（OH）D 3 ，and estradiol may independently associated with osteoporosis. Physical fitness indices varied significantly by
BMD，especially flexibility，balance，aerobic capacity and agility/mobility.
【Key words】 Osteoporosis；Bone density；Aged；Male；Physical fitness；Root cause analysis

骨质疏松是最常见的骨骼疾病，是一种以骨量低、
本研究行业价值：
骨组织微结构损坏，骨脆性增加、易发生骨折为特征的 本研究探究了老年男性发生骨质疏松的影响因
全身性骨病 ［1］ 。随着人类寿命的延长，骨质疏松患者
素，并分析了老年人健康体适能情况，为预防骨质疏
随之增多，慢性疼痛、骨折等一系列并发疾病均会导致
松、改善健康体适能及制定健康管理方案提供理论依
患者身体功能下降，失能情况严重。有研究显示，卧床
据。不同骨密度老年男性的健康体适能情况存在较大
休息超过 10 d 的患者组织功能会下降，从而出现废用
差异，应编制一套贴合老年人自身需求的健康体适能
性骨质疏松，机体平衡力减低，跌倒、骨折风险升高； 评价技术指南，进而为预防骨质疏松提供更多路径和
柔韧性减低，拉伤、疲劳性损伤风险升高 ［2］ 。健康体
专业建议。
适能是一般人想要促进健康、预防疾病、增进日常生活
工作效率及享受休闲活动所需要的体能，其测量与评定 蒙古自治区人民医院健康管理中心进行骨密度检查的
科学地反映了体质对外界环境、生活、社会的一种适应 250 例老年男性作为研究对象。
能力。国际体力活动指南指出，即便是高龄段的人群， 1.1.1 纳入标准 （1）年龄 65~80 岁；（2）有基本的
在其人生最后阶段也应进行合理、有针对性的活动；老 自理能力；（3）无认知功能障碍；（4）研究对象对本
［3］
年人属于特殊群体，了解其健康体适能状态非常重要 。 研究知情同意，均签署知情同意书。
本研究通过收集不同骨密度老年男性的一般状况、性激 1.1.2 排除标准 （1）患有骨科疾病，如骨折、腰椎
素及健康体适能情况，探究老年男性发生骨质疏松的影 间盘突出、骨肿瘤、骨关节炎；（2）患有关节僵硬、
响因素及其健康体适能特征，为进一步制订骨质疏松老 风湿性疾病等显著影响关节活动的疾病；（3）患有影
年人健康管理方法，提高体适能奠定基础。 响机体运动的疾病，如神经系统疾病等；（4）患有影
1 对象与方法 响骨代谢的疾病，如糖尿病、甲状旁腺疾病等。
1.1 研究对象 选取 2018 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月在内 1.2 研究方法