Pre-asthma is a pre-disease state of asthma. However, effective interventions against pre-asthma at currently scant.
To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of acupoint application with Tianjiu Powder on treating pre-asthma, aiming to develop a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preventive therapy regimen for external treatment of pre-asthma.
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-parallel controlled trial. A total of 123 pre-asthma patients treated in the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 were recruited and randomly assigned into the treatment group (n=62) and control group (n=61) at a ratio of 1∶1. During the experimental period, 12 cases were dropped off in the treatment group and finally 50 patients who completed the experiments were involved in. In the control group, 38 cases were finally involved in after excluding 22 cases of drop-off and 1 with bronchiectasis. Acupoint application of Tianjiu Powder and placebo was respectively given to patients of the treatment group (n=50) and control group (n=38). After 24 weeks of treatment, patients were followed up for another 24 weeks. Primary and secondary outcomes before the treatment (V1 visit), at 12 weeks (V2 visit), 24 weeks (V3 visit) and 48 weeks of treatment (end of the follow-up, V4 visit) were compared between groups. The primary outcome was the negative conversion rate of the bronchial provocation test (BPT) /bronchial dilation test (BDT). Secondary outcomes included the positive rate of BPT/BDT, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), small airway function indicators, TCM syndrome score, the 36-item Short-Form (SF-36) score, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil percentage (EOS%) and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). Adverse events were recorded during treatment.
The negative conversion rate of BPT/BDT at V2 (66.1% vs. 47.5%), V3 (64.5% vs. 44.3%) and V4 (58.1% vs. 36.1%) was significantly higher in the treatment group than that of control group (P<0.05). The main effect of grouping on FEV1 change was significant in BDT (Pgrouping<0.05). The change in FEV1 of BDT at V4 was significantly less in the treatment group than that of the control group (P<0.05). The changes in the peak expiratory flow (PEF) before and after treatment at V2 and V3 were significantly larger in the treatment group than those of control group (P<0.05). Physical Functioning (PF) and Role Physical (RP) scores of the SF-36 at V4 were significantly higher in the treatment group than those of the control group (P<0.05). The General Health (GH) score of the SF-36 before the treatment was significantly lower in the treatment group than that of control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference after treatment was detected between groups (P>0.05). TCM syndrome scores at V2, V3 and V4 were significantly lower in the treatment group than those of the control group, but no significant differences were detected between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in ECP at V1 between the two groups (P>0.05), which, at V3 was significantly higher in the treatment group than control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in EOS% and its difference, ECP difference and serum total IgE and its difference at V1 and V3 between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05) .
Acupoint application with Tianjiu Powder can enhance the rate of negative conversion rate of BPT/BDT, increase PEF, and reduce the change in FEV1 of BDT. It improves the quality of life and offers a high safety in treating pre-asthma.
The transition stage from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is referred to as acute kidney disease (AKD). Currently, there are relatively few studies on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in the progression of AKI to AKD in children.
To explore the intervention effect and impact on prognosis of Modified Shengjiang Powder on AKI and AKD in children.
A total of 136 children with AKI admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University from June 2017 to June 2022 were selected and divided into the treatment group (65 cases) and the control group (71 cases) by random number method. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine, while the children in the treatment group were treated with oral Modified Shengjiang Powder decoction in addition to Western medicine. Laboratory examination indicators were collected from the children at 7 days and 14 days after treatment, and the TCM syndrome score was evaluated at 14 days after treatment. The AKI children were re-evaluated after 7 days of treatment. The children were followed up for 3 to 60 months after treatment. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for AKI children progressing to AKD and the risk factors for AKD children progressing to CKD stage 3. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve of the cumulative survival rate of the children, and the Log-rank test was used for survival curve comparison.
A total of 136 AKI children were included, including 81 boys and 55 girls, with an average age of (12.6±4.5) years. After 7 days of treatment, a total of 67 children progressed to AKD, among which 26 children in the treatment group and 41 children in the control group progressed to AKD. According to the previous AKI grouping and treatment results, the AKD children were divided into the AKD treatment sub-group (26 cases) and the AKD control sub-group (41 cases) again. After treatment, the levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) enzyme, urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), TCM syndrome score, and the proportion of CKD stage 3 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, while the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the proportion of complete recovery of AKI were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After 14 days of treatment for AKD children, the levels of Scr, urinary NAG enzyme, urinary NGAL, the proportion of CKD stage 3, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the AKD treatment sub-group were lower than those in the AKD control sub-group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that urinary NAG enzyme≥9.7 U·g-1·Cr-1 was a risk factor for AKI children progressing to AKD (HR=2.724, 95%CI=1.886-4.519, P=0.007), and traditional Chinese medicine treatment was a protective factor for AKI children progressing to AKD (HR=0.482, 95%CI=0.319-0.843, P=0.008) ; stage 3 of AKD was a risk factor for AKD children progressing to CKD stage 3 (HR=2.865, 95%CI=2.213-3.619, P=0.011), and traditional Chinese medicine treatment was a protective factor for AKD children progressing to CKD stage 3 (HR=0.665, 95%CI=0.422-0.953, P=0.040). At the end of the treatment course, the risk of progression to AKD in the AKI treatment group was lower than that in the AKI control group (χ2=5.343, P=0.021) ; at 90 days of follow-up, the risk of progression to CKD stage 3 in the AKI treatment group was lower than that in the AKI control group (χ2=4.623, P=0.032), and the risk of progression to CKD stage 3 in the AKD treatment group was lower than that in the AKD control group (χ2=7.409, P=0.006) ; at the end of the follow-up, the renal survival rate in the AKD treatment group was higher than that in the AKD control group (χ2=8.133, P=0.004) .
MLD can delay the progression of AKI and AKD, protect renal function and improve prognosis.
The approval of the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) has for the first time included a chapter about traditional medicines that includes TCM. Disease weight (DW) is a weight coefficient that quantifies the health loss caused by non-fatal diseases and injuries, and is an important parameter to measure the burden of disease.
Based on the traditional medicine chapter of ICD-11, this study investigates the DW of wasting thirst disorder, which provides a reference for the measurement of TCM disease burden, and lays a foundation for establishing a statistical network that is consistent with international standards and reflects TCM health service information.
From June 1, 2020 to June 1, 2021, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) method was adopted to conduct a survey on the DW of each lower category of wasting thirst disorder among clinical Chinese medicine practitioners and healthy people. The EQ-5D-3L with VAS scale was adopted to conduct a DW survey among patients. In addition, the survey results were demonstrated with expert intentions.
The survey on DW of wasting thirst disorder among TCM practitioners shows that the DWs were 0.300 (0.185, 0.380) for wasting thirst disorder involving the upper-jiao, 0.430 (0.368, 0.568) for wasting thirst disorder involving the middle-jiao, 0.585 (0.510, 0.738) for wasting thirst disorder involving the lower-jiao, and 0.725 (0.660, 0.908) for consciousness loss caused by wasting thirst disorder. The survey on DW of wasting thirst disorder among patients shows that the VAS conversion weights of patients were 0.310 (0.225, 0.373) for diabetes involving the upper-jiao, 0.395 (0.335, 0.453) for wasting thirst disorder involving the middle-jiao, 0.445 (0.360, 0.513) for wasting thirst disorder involving the lower-jiao, and 0.590 (0.550, 0.698) for consciousness loss caused by wasting thirst disorder;the investigator assigned weights are 0.152 (0, 0.311) for wasting thirst disorder involving the upper-jiao, 0.240 (0, 0.275) for wasting thirst disorder involving the middle-jiao, 0.380 (0.186, 0.622) for wasting thirst disorder involving the lower-jiao, and 0.484 (0.311, 0.814) for consciousness loss caused by wasting thirst disorder. The survey on DW of wasting thirst disorder among healthy people shows that the DWs were 0.210 (0.150, 0.390) for wasting thirst disorder involving the upper-jiao, 0.345 (0.260, 0.510) for wasting thirst disorder involving the middle-jiao, 0.425 (0.313, 0.748) for wasting thirst disorder involving the lower-jiao, and 0.640 (0.380, 0.898) for consciousness loss caused by wasting thirst disorder. There were significant differences between the DWs by different methods of wasting thirst disorder involving the upper-jiao, wasting thirst disorder involving the middle-jiao, wasting thirst disorder involving the lower-jiao, and consciousness loss caused by wasting thirst disorder (H=153.883, 76.561, 34.575, 74.014, P<0.001). There were significant differences between VAS DW for traditional Chinese medicine practitioner survey, patient VAS conversion DW, investigator assignment DW, and VAS DW for healthy population survey involved by three jiao of wasting thirst disorder and consciousness loss caused by wasting thirst disorder (H=10.543, 35.692, 19.924, 16.327, P<0.05). Through expert intention argumentation, the method of calculating DWs for wasting thirst disorder according to the classification of wasting thirst disorder involving the upper-jiao, wasting thirst disorder involving the middle-jiao, wasting thirst disorder involving the lower-jiao, and consciousness loss caused by wasting thirst disorder under the standardized framework was agreed upon. Experts qualitatively agreed that the DW of wasting thirst disorder involving the upper-jiao, wasting thirst disorder involving the middle-jiao, wasting thirst disorder involving the lower-jiao, and consciousness loss caused by wasting thirst disorder gradually increased. And they basically agreed with the DW in the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine practitioners.
A preliminary exploration was conducted to investigate the DW of wasting thirst disorder, using the VAS method and the EQ-5D-3L, based on the ICD-11 chapter on traditional medicine and the national standards of traditional Chinese medicine, providing a reference for calculating the burden of traditional Chinese medicine diseases. The research results have been supported by expert intention analysis. The DW of wasting thirst disorder in Guangzhou is relatively heavy, and attention should be paid to the loss of healthy life years caused by disability in wasting thirst disorder, to improve the quality of life of patients.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major chronic disease, and airway remodeling is an important pathological mechanism. Bufei Yishen formula and effective-component compatibility of Bufei Yishen formula Ⅲ (ECC-BYF Ⅲ) are effective for COPD treatment. ECC-BYF Ⅲ significantly improves airway remodeling of COPD model rats, however, the components compatibility remains to be revealed.
To evaluate the effect of ECC-BYFⅢ and components compatibility in treating airway remodeling of COPD based on the COPD rat model.
The components of ECC-BYFⅢ were divided into four categories: Buqi, Bushen, Huatan, and Huoxue. The four categories were divide into different groups according to the method of mathematical permutation. The animal experiment were performed during May to September in 2018. 216 SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, ECC-BYF Ⅲ, different components compatibility and aminophylline groups, and 12 rats in each model. From week 1 to week 8, rat model of COPD in stable phase was established by cigarette smoke exposure combined with repeated bacterial infections. The rats were orally gavaged with corresponding drugs from week 9 to week 16. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining technique was used to observe the changes of bronchial wall and airway smooth muscle. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of matrix metalloprotein 12 (MMP-12), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in serum and levels of collagen (COL) -1, COL-3, and MMP-12 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Region (R) value comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the effect of different component compatibility on airway remodeling in COPD rats.
ECC-BYFⅢ, different components compatibility and aminophylline weakened the thickness of airway wall, when compared to model group. ECC-BYFⅢ, Buqi Huatan, Fuzheng Huatan, Fuzheng Huoxue, Buqi Quxie and aminophylline significantly decreased the number of airway smooth muscle hyperplasia (P<0.05). When compared to model group, the level of bFGF in serum decreased in ECC-BYF Ⅲ, Bushen, Buqi Huatan, Buqi Huoxue, Bushen Huatan, and Bushen Huoxue groups. The level of MMP-12 in serum decreased ECC-BYFⅢ, Fuzheng groups. The levels of MMP-12, COL-1 in BALF decreased in ECC-BYFⅢ, different components compatibility and aminophylline groups. The level of COL-3 in BALF decreased in ECC-BYFⅢ, Bushen, Huatan, Huoxue, Fuzheng, Buqi Huatan, Buqi Huoxue, Bushen Huoxue, Fuzheng Huatan, Buqi Quxie, Bushen Quxie, and aminophylline groups (P<0.05). The results of R-value comprehensive evaluation about airway wall thickness, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia, indicators related to airway remodeling in serum and BALF in COPD rats showed that the components compatibility, except for Huatan, Quxie, ECC-BYFⅢ, other components compatibility and aminophylline improved the airway remodeling of COPD rats (P<0.05). Buqi Quxie, Fuzheng Huatan, and Buqi Huoxue showed better effects in improving airway remodeling in COPD rats.
ECC-BYFⅢ and its components compatibility showed different effects on airway remodeling in COPD rats. Buqi Quxie, Fuzheng Huatan, Buqi Huoxie (containing ginsenoside Rh1, astragaloside) showed better effects.
Establishing the advantageous diseases in the field of traditional Chinese orthopedics treated with manual therapy will promote the development of manual techniques and dominant discipline. However, the current evaluation and selection lack a quantitative evaluation process based on evidence-based medicine.
To systematically review systematic reviews of diseases in the field of traditional Chinese orthopedics treated with manual therapy using evidence mapping methodology and explore the advantageous diseases in this field.
Computerized searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP database to collect systematic reviews of diseases in the field of traditional Chinese orthopedics treated with manual therapy from inception to March 5, 2023. The evidence distribution characteristics were presented using a combination of charts and text.
A total of 126 systematic reviews published from 2003 to 2023 were included, showing an overall increasing trend in the quantity of relevant studies both domestically and internationally. Methodological quality assessment results indicated that 13 reviews were of moderate quality, 64 were of low quality, and 49 were of very low quality. The evidence map showed that the research evidence in the field of traditional Chinese orthopedics treated with manual therapy mainly focused on 18 clinical diseases, including cervical spondylosis, low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, lumbar disc herniation, ankle sprain, adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, cervicogenic headache, atlantoaxial subluxation, distal radius fracture, lateral epicondylitis of the humerus, carpal tunnel syndrome, lumbar sprain, scoliosis, hip osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, rotator cuff injury, and supracondylar fracture of the humerus, demonstrating beneficial or potentially beneficial effects.
Manual therapy is widely used in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese orthopedics. However, due to methodological shortcomings and a lack of research evidence on safety and cost-effectiveness, future efforts should focus on multi-level inter-agency cooperation to establish sound evaluation standards and systems, improve research quality, update research evidence, and further explore the advantages of manual therapy in the field of traditional Chinese orthopedics.
Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the core diagnostic and therapeutic thinking of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is the key to determine clinical efficacy. Nowadays, research based on clinical data is the main method to explore the law of TCM syndrome and treatment, but the internal relationship of the key factors of "disease-syndrome-formula-medicine-effect" has not been truly and comprehensively analyzed, resulting in low clinical value of research results. Therefore, the author systematically sorted out the core problems of poor matching between electronic medical record and clinical research, the effect of data governance on data accuracy, difficulties to discover the law of TCM syndrome and treatment by data analysis methods. In addition, in the context of data driven, the big data platform of TCM clinical research should be established, and the data governance and analysis technology with artificial intelligence as the core should be developed, so as to realize the integration of clinical practice and research, providing new ideas and methods for the research of the law of TCM syndrome and treatment and promoting the development of TCM.
Adenomyosis (AM) is a common and difficult gynecological disease, but its specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has certain advantages in the treatment of AM, preliminary studies have shown that Guilou compound-releasing intrauterine system can significantly reduce the proliferation and invasion ability of endometrial cells in rats with AM model.
To investigate the effect of Guilou compound on the migration and invasion of human adenomyosis derived cells (AMDC), and study its effect on Rho/ROCK signaling pathway.
The experiment was completed from October 2021 to April 2023 in Central Laboratory of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect AMDC cell viability and screen the optimal drug concentration. AMDC were treated with Guilou compound (50 and 100 mg/L), and the cell migration viability was detected by scratch assay, and cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell assay. The expression of RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 at protein and mRNA levels was detected by Western Blotting/RT-qPCR assay. In the Rescue experiment, AMDC were treated with agonist U-46619 (1 μmol/L) and Guilou compound (100 mg/L), and the protein expression of RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 was detected by Western Blotting.
Compared with the control group, the survival rate of AMDC treated with 100 mg/L mass concentration of Guilou compound was not significantly decreased (P>0.05), which was the optimal drug concentration without affecting the cell viability, 50 and 100 mg/L mass concentrations of Guilou compound were selected for subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group, the migration and invasion ability of AMDC in the Guilou compound (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L) group was significantly inhibited (P<0.001), the protein and mRNA expression levels of RhoA, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.001), while the protein expression of RhoA, RhoC, ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the U-46619 1 μmol/L group were significantly up-regulated (P<0.001). Compared with the U-46619 1 μmol/L group, the protein expression of RhoA, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in the U-46619 (1 μmol/L) combined with Guilou compound (100 mg/L) group was significantly down-regulated (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in protein and mRNA expression levels of RhoB in the control group and Guilou compound (50 mg/L, 100 mg/L) group (P>0.05) .
Guilou compound can effectively inhibit the migration and invasion ability of AMDC with the optimal drug concentration of 100 mg/L that does not affect the cell viability, Guilou compound can reverse the up-regulation of U-46619 on the protein expression of RhoA, RhoC, ROCK1 and ROCK2, thus inhibiting the the continuous progression of ectopic lesions of AM, which may be closely related to the regulation of Rho/ROCK pathway.
Rheumatoid arthritis interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is one of the most common complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that severely impairs the quality of life and survival. Zang Bi Formula (ZBF) is mostly used in clinical practice for patients with recurrent occurrence of RA. However, its mechanism of action and efficacy in RA-ILD still remain unclear. Objective To investigate the therapeutic possibilities and potential mechanisms of the ZBF on RA and RA-ILD.
To investigate the therapeutic possibilities and potential mechanisms of the ZBF on RA and RA-ILD.
From January 2022 to March 2023, a total of 14 tumor necrosis factor alpha-transgenic (TNF-Tg) mice were randomly divided into Saline group and ZBF group, with 7 mice in each group. At the same time, 7 wild-type (WT) mice in the same litter were randomly selected as the control group (WT group). Intragastric administration of ZBF 1.4 g/mL with 0.2 mL per time was given to mice of ZBF group once a day, and those in the WT group and Saline group were given an equal amount of normal saline via intragastric administration. After the intervention for 8 weeks, hematoxylin&eosin (H&E) staining of mouse ankle tissues was performed to observe the inflammatory cell area. Alcian blue-orange and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to observe the cartilage area and bone area ratio, as well as the osteoclast area, respectively. The area proportion of inflammatory cells, fibrosis and T-cell/B-cell proportion in mouse lung tissues were observed by H&E staining, Masson staining and immunofluorescence staining, respectively.
Mice in the Saline group had significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and ankle tissue destruction. Inflammation of the ankle joint was alleviated in the ZBF group. The proportion of inflammatory cells in the Saline group was significantly higher than that of the ZBF group and WT group, which was significantly higher in the ZBF group than that of the WT group (P<0.05). Mice in the Saline group had significant damages to the sagittal plane of the talus of the ankle joint and bone erosion. Bone damages of the ankle joint and erosion were significantly alleviated in ZBF group, showing a gradually cleared boundary of the sagittal plane of the talus and increased bone mass. The proportions of cartilage area and bone area in the Saline group were significantly lower than those of ZBF group and WT group, which were significantly lower in the ZBF group than those of WT group (P<0.05). Mice in the Saline group presented massive infiltration of red-stained osteoclasts in the ankle joint, which was significantly alleviated in mice of ZBF group. The area of osteoclasts in the ZBF group was significantly smaller than that of the Saline group (P<0.05). Mice in the Saline group had mild-to-moderate inflammatory cell infiltration diffusely around the pulmonary interstitium, blood vessels and bronchi, thickening of the walls of the middle and small arteries, reduced alveolar intervals and obvious damages to lung tissues. Inflammatory cells infiltrated in the pulmonary interstitium surrounding tissues of the trachea and blood vessels were reduced and the boundary of the lungs were cleared in mice of ZBF group, presenting an improved lung structure. The proportion of inflammatory cells area in the Saline group was significantly higher than that of the ZBF group and WT group, which was significantly higher in the ZBF group than that of the WT group (P<0.05). Mice in the Saline group had significantly enlarged areas of blue collagen fibers around blood vessels and trachea and thickening of the alveolar or bronchial walls. Mice in the ZBF group had reduced areas of blue collagen fibers around blood vessels and trachea and improved lung structure. Pulmonary fibrosis scores of the lung were significantly higher in the Saline group than those of ZBF group and WT group, which were significantly higher in the ZBF group than those of WT group (P<0.05). T lymphocytes cells and B lymphocytes cells increased significantly in mouse lung tissue of the Saline group, and most of them surrounded the pulmonary blood vessels and bronchi, forming a follicle-like structure lacking a germinal center. The follicle-like structures were less observed in mouse lungs of the ZBF group. The area proportions of B lymphocytes cells and T lymphocytes cells in the Saline group were significantly higher than those of the ZBF group and WT group, which were significantly higher in the ZBF group than those of WT group (P<0.05) .
ZBF not only reduced ankle injury in TNF-Tg mice, but also improved their lungs inflammation and fibrosis, reducing the numbers of B lymphocytes cells and CD3+ T lymphocytes cells in lung tissue.
Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular accident and is increasingly becoming a serious global health problem. Mitochondrial quality control disorder is an important mechanism of neuronal death induced by cerebral ischemia, and the maintenance of mitochondrial function is essential for promoting neuronal survival and improving neurological function. Mitochondrial quality control mainly involves mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, etc., which is an important condition for stabilizing the normal structure of mitochondria and exerting the normal function of mitochondria. In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has significantly improved the clinical symptoms of patients with ischemic stroke by affecting the structure and function of mitochondria through multi-perspective, multi-pathway, multi-target regulation of mitochondrial quality control, which has received extensive attention from scholars. This article summarizes the experimental studies and clinical observations on the application of effective compound components of TCM and TCM compound to regulate mitochondrial quality control in the treatment of ischemic stroke in recent years, further explains the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, clarifies the regulatory mechanism of TCM on mitochondrial quality control, and summarizes the scientific connotation and shortcomings of TCM in the treatment of ischemic stroke, in order to provide ideas and methods for further clinical application of TCM in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
