Channel: Review https://www.chinagp.net EN-US https://www.chinagp.net/EN/1007-9572/current.shtml https://www.chinagp.net 1007-9572 https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.02.071 Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis, but its treatment is challenging, which may be due to lack of focus. Recent years have seen considerable developments in biotargeted therapies targeting two important pathophysiologic mechanisms for treating GIOP, including increased osteoclast activities induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and decreased bone formation induced by inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway. We summarized the latest advances in three biotargeted drugs, denosumab, sclerostin monoclonal antibody and DKK-1 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of GIOP, and found that denosumab can significantly increase bone mineral density of patients with GIOP, and sclerostin monoclonal antibody and DKK-1 monoclonal antibody are new promising therapies for GIOP. However, due to limited evidence, efficacies of these biotargeted drugs in GIOP need to be studied further.

]]> https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.02.087 Post-tracheal extubation swallowing dysfunction in critically ill patients may negatively affect patient prognosis, and cause significant increases in relevant medical and social burden as well as care burden. We reviewed the epidemiology, causes, associated factors and interventions regarding post-tracheal extubation swallowing dysfunction in critically ill patients, aiming at providing evidence for the management of post-tracheal extubation swallowing dysfunctionin this group.

]]> https://www.chinagp.net/EN/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.02.010 Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is a descriptive term, and while most cases of PUL are subsequently diagnosed with a spontaneous abortion or viable intrauterine pregnancy, 7% to 20% develop to ectopic pregnancy. The potential risk of ectopic pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality suggests that clinical attention should be paid to PUL assessment and treatment. We reviewed the latest research on PUL, including its classification, follow-up tools and treatment-related issues, in order to provide more references for clinicians.

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